外文參考文獻(xiàn)格式要求

外文參考文獻(xiàn)格式要求

　　參考文獻(xiàn)的引用是一次嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)目蒲刑剿鳎�所以在論文引用過程中需要注意其格式問題，下面是小編搜集整理的外文參考文獻(xiàn)格式要求，供大家閱讀借鑒！

　　外文參考文獻(xiàn)格式要求

　　期刊作者.題名[J].刊名，出版年，卷(期)：起止頁碼

　　Journal author. Title [J]. Journal title, year of publication, volume (issue): start and end page numbers

　　專著作者.書名[M].版本(第一版不著錄).出版地：出版者，出版年.起止頁碼

　　Monograph author. Title [M]. Version (first edition not included). Place of publication: Publisher, year of publication. Start and end page numbers

　　論文集作者.題名[C].編者.論文集名.出版地：出版者，出版年.

　　Author of the collection of papers. Title [C]. Editor. Collection name. Place of publication: Publisher, year of publication

　　起止頁碼

　　Starting and ending page numbers

　　學(xué)位論文作者.題名[D].保存地點(diǎn)：保存單位，年份

　　Thesis author. Title [D]. Storage location: Storage unit, year

　　專利文獻(xiàn)題名[P].國別，專利文獻(xiàn)種類，專利號.出版日期

　　Title of Patent Literature [P]. Country, Type of Patent Literature, Patent Number, Publication Date

　　標(biāo)準(zhǔn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編號，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)名稱[S]

　　Standard standard number, standard name [S]

　　報紙作者.題名[N].報紙名，出版日期(版次)

　　Newspaper author. Title [N]. Newspaper name, publication date (edition)

　　報告作者.題名[R].保存地點(diǎn)：年份

　　Report author. Title [R]. Storage location: Year

　　電子文獻(xiàn)作者.題名[電子文獻(xiàn)及載體類型標(biāo)識].文獻(xiàn)出處，日期

　　Author of electronic literature. Title [Identification of electronic literature and carrier types]. Source and date of the literature

　　文獻(xiàn)類型及其標(biāo)識

　　Literature types and their identification

　　根據(jù)GB3469 規(guī)定

　　According to GB3469 regulations

　　①期刊[J]

　�、� Journal [J]

　�、趯Ｖ鳾M]

　　② Monograph [M]

　�、壅撐募痆C]

　�、� Collected Papers [C]

　�、軐W(xué)位論文[D]

　　④ Thesis [D]

　�、輰＠鸞P]

　�、� Patent [P]

　�、迾�(biāo)準(zhǔn)[S]

　�、� Standard [S]

　�、邎蠹圼N]

　�、� Newspaper [N]

　　⑧技術(shù)報告[R]

　�、� Technical report [R]

　　電子文獻(xiàn)載體類型用雙字母標(biāo)識，例如：

　　The type of electronic literature carrier is identified by two letters, for example:

　　外文參考文獻(xiàn)的格式外文參考文獻(xiàn)的格式①磁帶[MT]

　　Format of Foreign References ① Magnetic Tape [MT]

　�、诖疟P[DK]

　　② Disk [DK]

　�、酃獗P[CD]

　　③ CD

　�、苈�(lián)機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)[OL]

　�、� Online network [OL]

　　①聯(lián)機(jī)網(wǎng)上數(shù)據(jù)庫[DB/OL]

　�、� Online Database [DB/OL]

　　②磁帶數(shù)據(jù)庫[DB/MT]

　�、� Magnetic tape database [DB/MT]

　�、酃獗P圖書[M/CD]

　�、� CD book [M/CD]

　　④磁盤軟件[CP/DK]

　�、� Disk software [CP/DK]

　　⑤網(wǎng)上期刊[J/OL]

　�、� Online Journal [J/OL]

　　⑥網(wǎng)上電子公告[EB/OL]

　�、� Online Electronic Announcement [EB/OL]

　　期刊論文

　　Journal articles

　　[1]周慶榮，張澤廷，朱美文，等.固體溶質(zhì)在含夾帶劑超臨界流體中的溶解度[J].化工學(xué)報，1995，46(3)：317 323

　　[1] Zhou Qingrong, Zhang Zeting, Zhu Meiwen, et al. Solubility of solid solutes in supercritical fluids containing entrainers [J]. Journal of Chemical Engineering, 1995, 46 (3): 317 323

　　[2]Dobbs J M, Wong J M. Modification of supercritical fluid phasebehavior using polor coselvent[J]. Ind Eng Chem Res, 1987,26:56

　　[2] Dobbs J M, Wong J M. Modification of supercritical fluid phase behavior using polar coselvent [J] Ind Eng Chem Res, 1987, 26:56

　　[3]劉仲能，金文清.合成醫(yī)藥中間體4-甲基咪唑的研究[J].精細(xì)化工，(2)：103-105

　　[3] Liu Zhongneng, Jin Wenqing. Research on the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediate 4-methylimidazole [J]. Fine Chemicals, (2): 103-105

　　[ 4 ] Mesquita A C, Mori M N, Vieira J M, et al . Vinyl acetatepolymerization by ionizing radiation[J].Radiation Physics and Chemistry,2002, 63:465

　　[4] Mesquita A C, Mori M N, Vieira J M, et al Vinyl acetate polymerization by ionizing radiation [J] Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2002, 63:465

　　專著

　　Monograph

　　[1]蔣挺大.亮聚糖[M].北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2001.127

　　[1] Jiang Tingda. Leucosan [M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2001.127

　　[2]Kortun G. Reflectance Spectroscopy[M]. New York: Spring-Verlag,1969

　　[2] Kortun G. Reflection Spectroscopy [M] New York: Spring Verlag, 1969

　　論文集

　　Collected Papers

　　[1]郭宏，王熊，劉宗林.膜分離技術(shù)在大豆分離蛋白生產(chǎn)中綜合利用的

　　[1] Guo Hong, Wang Xiong, Liu Zonglin. Comprehensive utilization of membrane separation technology in the production of soy protein isolate

　　研究[C].余立新.第三屆全國膜和膜過程學(xué)術(shù)報告會議論文集.北京：高教出版社，1999.421-425

　　Research [C]. Yu Lixin. Proceedings of the 3rd National Academic Conference on Membrane and Membrane Processes. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 1999.421-425

　　[2]Eiben A E, vander Hauw J K.Solving 3-SAT with adaptive geneticalgorithms [C].Proc 4th IEEE ConfEvolutionary Computation.Piscataway:

　　[2] Eiben A E, vander Hauw J K. Solving 3-SAT with adaptive genetic algorithms [C] Proc 4th IEEE ConfEvolutionary Computing Piscataway:

　　IEEE Press, 1997.81-86

　　IEEE Press, 1997.81-86

　　學(xué)位論文

　　Thesis

　　[1]陳金梅.氟石膏生產(chǎn)早強(qiáng)快硬水泥的試驗(yàn)研究(D).西安：西安建筑科學(xué)大學(xué)，2000

　　[1] Chen Jinmei. Experimental study on the production of early strength and fast hardening cement using fluorogypsum (D). Xian: Xian University of Architecture, 2000

　　[2] Chrisstoffels L A J . Carrier-facilitated transport as amechanistic tool in supramolecular chemistry[D].The Netherland：TwenteUniversity.1988

　　[2] Christoffels L A J Carrier facilitated transport as amechanistic tool in supramolecular chemistry [D] The Netherlands: TwenteUniversity.1988

　　專利文獻(xiàn)

　　Patent literature

　　[1]Hasegawa, Toshiyuki, Yoshida,et al.Paper Coating composition[P].EP 0634524.1995-01-18

　　[1] Hasegawa, Toshiyuki, Yoshida, et al. Paper Coating Composition [P] EP 0634524.1995-01-18

　　[2] 仲前昌夫， 佐藤壽昭. 感光性樹脂[ P ]. 日本， 特開平

　　[2] Masao Nakamoto and Shouzhao Sato Photosensitive resin [P] Japan, Tekaiping

　　[3]Yamaguchi K, Hayashi A. Plant growth promotor and productionthereof [P].Jpn, Jp1290606.1999-11-22

　　[3] Yamaguchi K, Hayashi A. Plant growth motor and productionthereof [P] Jpn, Jp1290606.1999-11-22

　　[4]廈門大學(xué).二烷氨基乙醇羧酸酯的'制備方法[P].中國發(fā)明專利，CN1073429.1993-06-23

　　[4] Xiamen University. Preparation method of diethylaminoethanol carboxylate [P]. Chinese invention patent, CN1073429.1993-06-23

　　技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文獻(xiàn)

　　Technical standard literature

　　[1]ISO 1210-1982，塑料 小試樣接觸火焰法測定塑料燃燒性[S]

　　[1] ISO 1210-1982, Determination of the flammability of plastics by contact flame method on small plastic specimens [S]

　　[2]GB 2410-80，透明塑料透光率及霧度實(shí)驗(yàn)方法[S]

　　[2] GB 2410-80, Test methods for transparency and haze of transparent plastics [S]

　　報紙

　　Newspapers

　　[1]陳志平.減災(zāi)設(shè)計(jì)研究新動態(tài)[N].科技日報，1997-12-12(5)

　　[1] Chen Zhiping. New Trends in Disaster Reduction Design Research [N]. Science and Technology Daily, 1997-12-12 (5)

　　報告

　　Report

　　[1]中國機(jī)械工程學(xué)會.密相氣力輸送技術(shù)[R].北京：1996

　　[1] Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineering. Dense phase pneumatic conveying technology [R]. Beijing: 1996

　　電子文獻(xiàn)

　　Electronic literature

　　[1]萬錦柔.中國大學(xué)學(xué)報論文文摘(1983-1993)[DB/CD].北京：中國百科全書出版社，1996

　　[1] Wan Jinrou. Abstracts of Chinese University Journal (1983-1993) [DB/CD]. Beijing: China Encyclopedia Press, 1996

　　A.連續(xù)出版物

　　A. Continuous publications

　　〔序號〕 主要責(zé)任者.文獻(xiàn)題名〔J〕.刊名，出版年份，卷號(期號)：起止頁碼.

　　[Serial Number] Main Responsible Person. Literature Title [J]. Publication Name, Year of Publication, Volume Number (Issue Number): Start and End Page Numbers

　　〔1〕 袁慶龍，候文義.Ni-P合金鍍層組織形貌及顯微硬度研究〔J〕.太原理工大學(xué)學(xué)報，2001，32(1)：51-53.

　　〔1〕 Yuan Qinglong, Hou Wenyi Study on the microstructure and microhardness of Ni-P alloy coatings [J]. Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology, 2001, 32 (1): 51-53

　　B.專著

　　B. Monograph

　　〔序號〕 主要責(zé)任者.文獻(xiàn)題名〔M〕.出版地：出版者，出版年：頁碼.

　　[Serial Number] Main Responsible Person. Literature Title [M]. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication: Page Number

　　〔3〕 劉國鈞，鄭如斯.中國書的故事〔M〕.北京：中國青年出版社，1979：115.

　　〔3〕 Liu Guojun, Zheng Rusi. The Story of Chinese Books [M]. Beijing: China Youth Publishing House, 1979:115

　　C.會議論文集

　　C. Conference proceedings

　　〔序號〕 析出責(zé)任者.析出題名.見(英文用In)：主編.論文集名.(供選擇項(xiàng)：會議名，會址，開會年)出版地：出版者，出版年：起止頁碼.

　　[Number] Responsible person for precipitation. Title of precipitation. See (in English): Editor in chief. Title of the collection of papers (Options: Conference Name, Conference Address, Conference Year) Publication Location: Publisher, Publication Year: Start and End Page Numbers

　　〔6〕孫品一.高校學(xué)報編輯工作現(xiàn)代化特征〔A〕.見：中國高等學(xué)校自然科學(xué)學(xué)報研究會.科技編輯學(xué)論文集(2).北京：北京師范大學(xué)出版社，1998：10-22.

　　〔6〕 Sun Pinyi. Modern Characteristics of Editorial Work in Higher Education Journals [A]. See: China Association of Natural Science Journals in Higher Education Institutions. Collected Papers on Science and Technology Editing (2). Beijing: Beijing Normal University Press, 1998:10-22

　　D.專著中析出的文獻(xiàn)

　　D. Literature extracted from monographs

　　〔序號〕 析出責(zé)任者.析出題名.見(英文用In)：專著責(zé)任者.書名.出版地：出版者，出版年：起止頁碼.

　　[Number] Author responsible for the publication. Title of the publication. In: Author responsible for the monograph. Title of the book. Place of publication: publisher. Year of publication: start and end page numbers

　　〔12〕羅云.安全科學(xué)理論體系的發(fā)展及趨勢探討.見：白春華，何學(xué)秋，吳宗之.21世紀(jì)安全科學(xué)與技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢.北京：科學(xué)出版社，2000：1-5.

　　〔12〕 Luo Yun. Exploration of the Development and Trends of the Theoretical System of Security Science. See: Bai Chunhua, He Xueqiu, Wu Zongzhi. The Development Trends of Security Science and Technology in the 21st Century. Beijing: Science Press, 2000:1-5

　　E.學(xué)位論文

　　E. Thesis

　　外文參考文獻(xiàn)的格式論文〔序號〕 主要責(zé)任者.文獻(xiàn)題名〔D〕.保存地：保存單位，年份：

　　Format of Foreign Language Reference Paper [Serial Number] Main Responsible Person. Title of Reference [D]. Storage Location: Storage Unit, Year:

　　〔7〕張和生.地質(zhì)力學(xué)系統(tǒng)理論〔D〕.太原：太原理工大學(xué)，1998：

　　〔7〕 Zhang Hesheng. Theory of Geomechanical Systems [D]. Taiyuan: Taiyuan University of Technology, 1998:

　　F.報告

　　F. Report

　　〔序號〕 主要責(zé)任者.文獻(xiàn)題名〔R〕.報告地：報告會主辦單位，年份：

　　[Serial Number] Main Responsible Person. Literature Title [R]. Reporting Place: Organizing Unit of the Reporting Conference, Year:

　　〔9〕馮西橋.核反應(yīng)堆壓力容器的LBB分析〔R〕.北京：清華大學(xué)核能技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)研究院，1997：

　　〔9〕 Feng Xiqiao. LBB analysis of pressure vessels in nuclear reactors [R]. Beijing: Institute of Nuclear Energy Technology Design and Research, Tsinghua University, 1997:

　　G.專利文獻(xiàn)

　　G. Patent literature

　　〔序號〕 專利所有者.專利題名〔P〕.專利國別：專利號，發(fā)布日期：

　　[Serial Number] Patent Owner. Patent Title [P]. Patent Country: Patent Number, Publication Date:

　　〔11〕姜錫洲.一種溫?zé)嵬夥笏幹苽浞桨浮睵〕.中國專利：881056078，1983-08-12：

　　〔11〕 Jiang Xizhou. A preparation scheme for warm topical medicine [P]. Chinese patent: 8810560781983-08-12:

　　H.國際、國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

　　H. International and National Standards

　　〔序號〕 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代號.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)名稱〔S〕.出版地：出版者，出版年：

　　[Serial Number] Standard Code. Standard Name [S]. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication:

　　〔1〕GB/T 16159 1996.漢語拼音正詞法基本規(guī)則〔S〕.北京：中國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出版社，1996：

　　〔1〕 GB/T 16159 1996. Basic Rules for Chinese Pinyin Orthography [S]. Beijing: China Standard Publishing House, 1996:

　　I.報紙文章

　　I. Newspaper articles

　　〔序號〕 主要責(zé)任者.文獻(xiàn)題名〔N〕.報紙名，出版年，月(日)：版次.

　　[Number] Main Responsible Person. Literature Title [N]. Newspaper Name, Publication Year, Month (Day): Edition

　　〔13〕謝希德.創(chuàng)造學(xué)習(xí)的思路.人民日報，1998，12(25)：10

　　〔13〕 Xie Xide. Ideas for Creative Learning. Peoples Daily, 1998, 12 (25): 10

　　J.電子文獻(xiàn)

　　J. Electronic literature

　　〔序號〕 主要責(zé)任者.電子文獻(xiàn)題名〔文獻(xiàn)類型/載體類型〕.：電子文獻(xiàn)的出版或可獲得地址(電子文獻(xiàn)地址用文字表述)，發(fā)表或更新日期/引用日期(任選) ：

　　[Number] Main Responsible Person. Electronic Document Title [Document Type/Carrier Type] The publication or availability address of electronic literature (electronic literature address expressed in text), publication or date/citation date (optional):

　　〔21〕姚伯元.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)規(guī)范化管理與培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合素質(zhì)〔EB/OL〕.：中國高等教育網(wǎng)教學(xué)研究，2005-2-2：

　　[21] Yao Boyuan. Standardized Management and Cultivation of Students Comprehensive Quality in Graduation Design (Thesis) [EB/OL] Teaching Research on China Higher Education Network, February 2, 2005:

　　普通圖書：M 會議錄：C 匯編：G 報紙：N 期刊：J 學(xué)位論文：D 報告：R

　　Regular books: M Conference proceedings: C Compilation: G Newspaper: N Journal: J Thesis: D Report: R

　　標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：S 專利：P 數(shù)據(jù)庫：DB 計(jì)算機(jī)程序：CP 電子公告：EB

　　Standard: S Patent: P Database: DB Computer Program: CP Electronic Announcement: EB

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　　外文參考文獻(xiàn)類型

　　根據(jù)GB3469-83《文獻(xiàn)類型與文獻(xiàn)載體代碼》規(guī)定,以單字母標(biāo)識:

　　According to GB3469-83 "Document Type and Document Carrier Code", it is marked with a single letter:

　　M——專著(含古籍中的史、志論著)

　　M - Monographs (including historical and historical works in ancient books)

　　C——論文集

　　C - Collected Papers

　　N——報紙文章

　　N - Newspaper articles

　　J——期刊文章

　　J - Journal articles

　　D——學(xué)位論文

　　D - Thesis

　　R——研究報告

　　R - Research Report

　　S——標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

　　S - Standard

　　P——專利

　　P - Patent

　　A——專著、論文集中的析出文獻(xiàn)

　　A - Selected literature from monographs and paper collections

　　Z——其他未說明的文獻(xiàn)類型

　　Z - Other unspecified types of literature

　　電子文獻(xiàn)類型以雙字母作為標(biāo)識:

　　Electronic literature types are identified by two letters:

　　DB——數(shù)據(jù)庫

　　DB - Database

　　CP——計(jì)算機(jī)程序

　　CP - Computer Program

　　EB——電子公告

　　EB - Electronic Announcement

　　非紙張型載體電子文獻(xiàn),在參考文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識中同時標(biāo)明其載體類型:

　　Non paper carrier electronic literature, with the reference label indicating its carrier type:

　　DB/OL——聯(lián)機(jī)網(wǎng)上的數(shù)據(jù)庫

　　DB/OL - Online Database

　　DB/MT——磁帶數(shù)據(jù)庫

　　DB/MT - Magnetic Tape Database

　　M/CD——光盤圖書

　　M/CD - CD Book

　　CP/DK——磁盤軟件

　　CP/DK - Disk Software

　　J/OL——網(wǎng)上期刊

　　J/OL - Online Journal

　　EB/OL——網(wǎng)上電子公告

　　EB/OL - Online Electronic Announcement

　　電子文獻(xiàn)載體類型用雙字母標(biāo)識,具體如下:

　　The type of electronic literature carrier is identified by two letters, as follows:

　　磁帶〔MT〕

　　Magnetic tape [MT]

　　磁盤〔DK〕

　　Disk [DK]

　　光盤〔CD〕

　　CD

　　聯(lián)機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)〔OL〕

　　Online Network [OL]

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　　外文參考文獻(xiàn)的使用

　　1 在正文中引用參考文獻(xiàn)

　　Cite references in the main text

　　一項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究取得的新成果通常是在前人成果的基礎(chǔ)上的新進(jìn)展，它體現(xiàn)著科學(xué)科技的繼承和發(fā)展。如，基于已有的理論、方法、思想、實(shí)驗(yàn)手段等，使本研究獲得了新進(jìn)展，有了新發(fā)現(xiàn)；或是將一個學(xué)科中的方法移植到另一學(xué)科中并取得成功；或是對已有方法做了改進(jìn)。當(dāng)在論文中敘述研究目的、設(shè)計(jì)思想、建立的模型、和已有結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較的時候，就要涉和到已有的成果。如果在涉和到前人成果的地方再把已有成果的具體內(nèi)容抄到論文當(dāng)中，不但占去論文的篇幅，沖淡論文的主題，而且抄寫這些已發(fā)表過的、讀者可以查找到的內(nèi)容是毫無意義的。

　　A new achievement in scientific research is usually a new progress based on previous achievements, reflecting the inheritance and development of science and technology. For example, based on existing theories, methods, ideas, experimental methods, etc., this study has made new progress and discoveries; Or transplanting methods from one discipline to another and achieving success; Or improvements have been made to existing methods. When describing the research objectives, design ideas, established models, and comparing them with existing results in a paper, it is necessary to involve existing achievements. If the specific content of existing achievements is copied into the paper where it involves previous achievements, it not only takes up the space of the paper and dilutes the theme of the paper, but also copying these published and searchable contents is meaningless.

　　所以，在論文涉和到已有成果的地方，不去重抄已有的成果，而是指出登載這個成果文獻(xiàn)（出處），這種做法叫做引用參考文獻(xiàn)引用了參考文獻(xiàn)，就要在涉和前人成果的地方做一個標(biāo)記，見到這個標(biāo)記，讀者就知道在這里引用了參考文獻(xiàn)；按照這個標(biāo)記在參考文獻(xiàn)表中就能找到刊登這個成果的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容的文章。在正文中引用參考文獻(xiàn)的地方加一個標(biāo)記，稱為參考文獻(xiàn)的標(biāo)注。標(biāo)注的方法稱為標(biāo)注法。

　　So, when the paper involves existing achievements, do not plagiarize the existing achievements, but point out the source of the published literature. This approach is called citing references. If a reference is cited, a mark should be made in the place where the previous achievements are related. When the mark is seen, the reader knows that the reference is cited here; By following this label, you can find the detailed content of the article that published this achievement in the reference list. Add a marker in the main text where references are cited, which is called the citation of references. The method of annotation is called annotation method.

　　2 參考文獻(xiàn)著錄的目的和作用

　　The purpose and role of reference citation

　　對于一篇完整的學(xué)術(shù)論文，參考文獻(xiàn)的著錄是不可缺少的。歸納起來，參考文獻(xiàn)著錄的目的和作用主要體現(xiàn)在以下5個方面。

　　For a complete academic paper, citation is essential. In summary, the purpose and role of reference citation are mainly reflected in the following five aspects.

　　1） 著錄參考文獻(xiàn)可以反映論文作者的科學(xué)態(tài)度和論文具有真實(shí)、廣泛的科學(xué)依據(jù)，也反映出該論文的起點(diǎn)和深度。科學(xué)技術(shù)以和科學(xué)技術(shù)研究工作都有繼承性，現(xiàn)時的研究都是在過去研究的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行的，今人的研究成果或研究工作一般都是前人研究成果或研究工作的繼續(xù)和發(fā)展；因此，在論文中涉和研究的背景、理由、目的.等的闡述，必然要對過去的工作進(jìn)行評價，著錄參考文獻(xiàn)即能表明言之有據(jù)，并明白交待出該論文的起點(diǎn)和深度。這在一定程度上為論文審閱者、編者和讀者評估論文的價值和水平提供了客觀依據(jù)。

　　1) Reference citation can reflect the scientific attitude of the author and the fact that the paper has genuine and extensive scientific basis, as well as the starting point and depth of the paper. Science and technology, as well as scientific and technological research work, have inheritance. Current research is based on past research, and current research results or work are generally the continuation and development of previous research results or work; Therefore, in elaborating on the background, reasons, objectives, and other aspects of the research in the paper, it is necessary to evaluate past work, record references, and clearly explain the starting point and depth of the paper. This provides an objective basis for reviewers, editors, and readers to evaluate the value and level of the paper to a certain extent.

　　2） 著錄參考文獻(xiàn)能方便地把論文作者的成果和前人的成果區(qū)別開來。論文報道的研究成果雖然是論文作者自己的，但在闡述和論證過程中免不了要引用前人的成果，包括觀點(diǎn)、方法、數(shù)據(jù)和其它資料，若對引用部分加以標(biāo)注，則他人的成果將表示得十分清楚。這不僅表明了論文作者對他人勞動的尊重，而且也免除了抄襲、剽竊他人成果的嫌疑

　　2) Recording references can easily distinguish the authors achievements from those of predecessors. Although the research results reported in the paper are the authors own, it is inevitable to cite the achievements of predecessors, including viewpoints, methods, data, and other materials, in the process of elaboration and argumentation. If the cited parts are marked, the achievements of others will be expressed very clearly. This not only demonstrates the authors respect for the labor of others, but also exempts them from suspicion of plagiarism and plagiarism in their work

　　3） 著錄參考文獻(xiàn)能起索引作用。讀者通過著錄的參考文獻(xiàn)，可方便地檢索和查找有關(guān)圖書資料，以對該論文中的引文有更詳盡的了解

　　3) Recording references can serve as an index. Readers can easily search and search for relevant book materials through the recorded references, in order to have a more detailed understanding of the citations in the paper

　　4） 著錄參考文獻(xiàn)有利于節(jié)省論文篇幅。論文中需要表述的某些內(nèi)容，凡已有文獻(xiàn)所載者不必詳述，只在相應(yīng)之處注明見何文獻(xiàn)即可。這不僅精練了語言，節(jié)省了篇幅，而且避免了一般性表述和資料堆積，使論文容易達(dá)到篇幅短、內(nèi)容精的要求

　　4) Recording references is beneficial for saving paper space. Some of the content that needs to be expressed in the paper does not need to be elaborated on in existing literature. Only indicate where the literature is found in the corresponding section. This not only refines the language and saves space, but also avoids general expressions and data accumulation, making it easy for the paper to meet the requirements of short length and precise content

　　5） 著錄參考文獻(xiàn)有助于科技情報人員進(jìn)行情報研究和文摘計(jì)量學(xué)研究。

　　5) Recording references can help scientific and technological intelligence personnel conduct intelligence research and bibliometric research.

　　3 參考文獻(xiàn)的著錄原則

　　Principles for Recording References

　　1） 只著錄最必要、最新的文獻(xiàn)。著錄的文獻(xiàn)要精選，僅限于著錄作者親自閱讀過并在論文中直接引用的文獻(xiàn)，而且，無特殊需要不必羅列眾所周知的教科書或某些陳舊史料

　　1) Only record the most necessary and up-to-date literature. The recorded literature should be carefully selected, limited to those that the author has personally read and directly cited in the paper, and there is no need to list well-known textbooks or some outdated historical materials without special needs

　　2） 只著錄公開發(fā)表的文獻(xiàn)。公開發(fā)表是指在國內(nèi)外公開發(fā)行的報刊或正式出版的圖書上發(fā)表。在供內(nèi)部交流的刊物上發(fā)表的文章和內(nèi)部使用的資料，尤其是不宜公開的資料，均不能作為參考文獻(xiàn)引用

　　2) Only record publicly published literature. Public publication refers to publishing in newspapers or officially published books both domestically and internationally. Articles published in publications for internal communication and materials used internally, especially materials that are not suitable for public disclosure, cannot be cited as references

　　3） 引用論點(diǎn)必須準(zhǔn)確無誤，不能斷章取義。

　　3) Quoting arguments must be accurate and not taken out of context.

　　4） 采用規(guī)范化的著錄格式。關(guān)于文后參考文獻(xiàn)的著錄已有國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，論文作者和期刊編者都應(yīng)熟練掌握，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行

　　4) Adopt standardized recording format. There are international and national standards for the citation of references in the text, and authors and journal editors should be proficient and strictly adhere to them

　　5） 參考文獻(xiàn)的著錄方法。根據(jù)GB 7714—87《文后參考文獻(xiàn)著錄規(guī)則》中規(guī)定采用“順序編碼制”和“著者?出版年制”兩種。其中，順序編碼制為我國科技期刊所普遍采用，所以這里作重點(diǎn)紹。

　　5) The citation method of references. According to GB 7714-87 "Rules for Bibliography of References", two methods are adopted: "sequential coding system" and "author publication year system". Among them, the sequential coding system is widely adopted in scientific and technological journals in China, so it is emphasized here.

　　4 順序編碼制

　　sequence coding system

　　順序編碼制是指作者在論文中所引用的文獻(xiàn)按它們在文中出現(xiàn)的先后順序，用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加方括號連續(xù)編碼，視具體情況把序號作為上角或作為語句的組成部分進(jìn)行標(biāo)注，并在文后參考文獻(xiàn)表中，各條文獻(xiàn)按在論文中出現(xiàn)的文獻(xiàn)序號順序依次排列

　　The sequential coding system refers to the continuous coding of the references cited by the author in their paper in the order in which they appear in the paper, using Arabic numerals and square brackets. Depending on the specific situation, the numbering is marked as the upper corner or as a component of the sentence, and in the reference list at the end of the paper, each reference is arranged in the order of its appearance in the paper

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　　外文參考文獻(xiàn)書寫技巧

　　把光標(biāo)放在引用參考文獻(xiàn)的地方，在菜單欄上選“插入|腳注和尾注”，彈出的對話框中選擇“尾注”，點(diǎn)擊“選項(xiàng)”按鈕修改編號格式為阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字，位置為“文檔結(jié)尾”，確定后Word就在光標(biāo)的地方插入了參考文獻(xiàn)的編號，并自動跳到文檔尾部相應(yīng)編號處請你鍵入?yún)⒖嘉墨I(xiàn)的說明，在這里按參考文獻(xiàn)著錄表的格式添加相應(yīng)文獻(xiàn)。參考文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)注要求用中括號把編號括起來，以word2007為例，可以在插入尾注時先把光標(biāo)移至需要插入尾注的地方，然后點(diǎn)擊 引用-腳注下面的一個小箭頭，在出現(xiàn)的對話框中有個自定義，然后輸入中括號及數(shù)字，然后點(diǎn)插入，然后自動跳轉(zhuǎn)到本節(jié)/本文檔末端，此時再輸入?yún)⒖嘉墨I(xiàn)內(nèi)容即可。

　　Place the cursor at the reference citation location, select "Insert | Footnote and Endnote" in the menu bar, select "Endnote" in the pop-up dialog box, click the "Options" button to modify the numbering format to Arabic numerals, and position it to "End of Document". After confirmation, Word s the reference number at the cursor location and automatically jumps to the corresponding number at the end of the document. Please type the description of the reference and add the corresponding literature in the format of the reference description table. Reference annotation requires the number to be enclosed in square brackets. Taking Word2007 as an example, when ing an endnote, you can first move the cursor to the location where the endnote needs to be ed, and then click a small arrow below the citation footnote. In the dialog box that appears, there is a custom option. Then, enter the square brackets and numbers, click Insert, and automatically jump to the end of this section/document. At this point, you can enter the reference content again.

　　在文檔中需要多次引用同一文獻(xiàn)時，在第一次引用此文獻(xiàn)時需要制作尾注，再次引用此文獻(xiàn)時點(diǎn)“插入|交叉引用”，“引用類型”選“尾注”，引用內(nèi)容為“尾注編號（帶格式）”，然后選擇相應(yīng)的文獻(xiàn)，插入即可。

　　When the same literature needs to be cited multiple times in a document, an endnote needs to be made when citing this literature for the first time. When citing this literature again, click "Insert | Cross reference", select "Endnote" for "citation type", and the citation content should be "Endnote number (with format)". Then select the corresponding literature and it.

　　不要以為已經(jīng)搞定了，我們離成功還差一步。論文格式要求參考文獻(xiàn)在正文之后，參考文獻(xiàn)后還有發(fā)表論文情況說明、附錄和致謝，而Word的尾注要么在文檔的結(jié)尾，要么在“節(jié)”的結(jié)尾，這兩種都不符合我們的要求。解決的方法似乎有點(diǎn)笨拙。首先刪除尾注文本中所有的編號（我們不需要它，因?yàn)樗�的格式不對），然后選中所有尾注文本（參考文獻(xiàn)說明文本），點(diǎn)“插入|書簽”，命名為“參考文獻(xiàn)文本”，添加到書簽中。這樣就把所有的參考文獻(xiàn)文本做成了書簽。在正文后新建一頁，標(biāo)題為“參考文獻(xiàn)”，并設(shè)置好格式。光標(biāo)移到標(biāo)題下，選“插入|交叉引用”，“引用類型”為“書簽”，點(diǎn)“參考文獻(xiàn)文本”后插入，這樣就把參考文獻(xiàn)文本復(fù)制了一份。選中剛剛插入的文本，按格式要求修改字體字號等，并用項(xiàng)目編號進(jìn)行自動編號。

　　Dont think its already done, were still one step away from success. The format of the paper requires references to be placed after the main text, followed by a description of the publication status, appendix, and acknowledgments. However, Words endnotes are either at the end of the document or at the end of the section, both of which do not meet our requirements. The solution seems a bit clumsy. First, all the numbering in the endnote text (we dont need it because its format is incorrect), then select all the endnote text (reference description text), click "Insert | Bookmark", name it "Reference Text", and add it to the bookmark. This makes all the reference texts bookmarked. Create a new page after the main text with the title "References" and set the format accordingly. Move the cursor under the title, select "Insert | Cross Reference", set "Reference Type" to "Bookmark", click "Reference Text" and it. This will make a copy of the reference text. Select the text you just ed, modify the font size, etc. according to the formatting requirements, and use the project number for automatic numbering.

　　打印文檔時，尾注頁同樣會打印出來，而這幾頁是我們不需要的。當(dāng)然，可以通過設(shè)置打印頁碼范圍的.方法不打印最后幾頁。

　　When printing a document, the endnote page will also be printed, and these few pages are not needed by us. Of course, the last few pages can be skipped by setting the printing page range.

　　選中所有的尾注文本，點(diǎn)“格式|字體”，改為“隱藏文字”，切換到普通視圖，選擇“視圖|腳注”，此時所有的尾注出現(xiàn)于窗口的下端，在“尾注”下拉列表框中選擇“尾注分割符”，將默認(rèn)的橫線刪除。同樣的方法刪除“尾注延續(xù)分割符”和“尾注延續(xù)標(biāo)記”。刪除頁眉和頁腳（包括分隔線），選擇“視圖|頁眉和頁腳”，首先刪除文字，然后點(diǎn)擊頁眉頁腳工具欄的“頁面設(shè)置”按鈕，在彈出的對話框上點(diǎn)“邊框”，在“頁面邊框”選項(xiàng)卡，邊框設(shè)置為“無”，應(yīng)用范圍為“本節(jié)”；“邊框”選項(xiàng)卡的邊框設(shè)置為“無”，應(yīng)用范圍為“段落”。切換到“頁腳”，刪除頁碼。選擇“工具|選項(xiàng)”，在“打印”選項(xiàng)卡里確認(rèn)不打印隱藏文字（Word默認(rèn)）。

　　Select all endnote text, click "Format | Font", change to "Hidden Text", switch to normal view, select "View | Footnotes", all endnotes will appear at the bottom of the window. In the "Endnote" drop-down list box, select "Endnote Splitter" to remove the default horizontal line. Using the same method, remove the "endnote continuation separator" and "endnote continuation marker". Delete the header and footer (including separators), select "View | Header and Footer", first the text, then click the "Page Settings" button on the header and footer toolbar, click "Borders" on the pop-up dialog box, and in the "Page Borders" tab, set the border to "None" and apply it to "This Section"; The border of the "Borders" tab is set to "None" and its application scope is "Paragraph". Switch to "Footer" and page numbers. Select "Tools | Options" and confirm in the "Print" tab that hidden text will not be printed (Word default).

　　注：以上在word中的處理是比較常用的做法，不過作者需要了解，投稿稿件是word格式或pdf格式或wps格式，但是很多期刊是用方正排版系統(tǒng)排版的，二者不“兼容”。因此，作者的word投稿只是編輯部排版的原稿，排版問題作者無需太過擔(dān)心；而作者如想要編輯部出刊前最后的電子稿（有些作者著急要清樣或已經(jīng)排版的電子稿）其實(shí)也沒有太大意義，因?yàn)闆]有方正的軟件就無法打開這個電子稿。

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　　本科畢業(yè)論文外文參考文獻(xiàn) 1

　　[1]左仁淑.關(guān)系營銷:服務(wù)營銷的理論基礎(chǔ).四川大學(xué)學(xué)報,2004,(4):19-23

　　[1] Zuo Renshu. Relationship Marketing: Theoretical Basis of Service Marketing. Journal of Sichuan University, 2004, (4): 19-23

　　[2]科特勒,洪瑞云,梁紹明等.市場營銷管理(亞洲版).第3版.北京:中國人民大學(xué)出版社,2004,15-35

　　[2] Kotler, Hong Ruiyun, Liang Shaoming, et al. Marketing Management (Asian Edition). 3rd Edition. Beijing: Renmin University of China Press, 2004,15-35

　　[3]Heide J B, George J. Do Norms Matter in Marketing Relationships. Journal of Marketing, 1992, 56(2): 32-44

　　[3] Heide J B, George J. Do Norms Matter in Marketing Relationships Journal of Marketing, 1992, 56 (2): 32-44

　　[4]陳紹福,徐寶瑞.現(xiàn)代醫(yī)院創(chuàng)新經(jīng)營.中國醫(yī)院管理,2001,21(11):60-62

　　[4] Chen Shaofu, Xu Baorui. Innovative Management of Modern Hospitals. China Hospital Management, 2001,21 (11): 60-62

　　[5]張英.現(xiàn)代醫(yī)院應(yīng)樹立的十大營銷觀念.中國衛(wèi)生產(chǎn)業(yè),2004,(2):76-78

　　[5] Zhang Ying. Ten Marketing Concepts that Modern Hospitals Should Establish. China Health Industry, 2004, (2): 76-78

　　本科畢業(yè)論文外文參考文獻(xiàn) 2

　　[1]董西明.客戶關(guān)系管理及其應(yīng)用[J].學(xué)術(shù)交流,2004(8)

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　　[3]崔京波,陳穎.論CRM及應(yīng)用[J].科學(xué)與管理,2005(6)

　　[3] Cui Jingbo, Chen Ying. On CRM and Its Applications [J]. Science and Management, 2005 (6)

　　[4]田丹.淺析供應(yīng)鏈環(huán)境下的客戶關(guān)系管理(CRM)[J].商情(教育經(jīng)濟(jì)研究),2008(3)

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　　[2]《煙草控制框架公約》

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　　[6] Zhong Luwens "On the Theoretical Connotation of Sustainable Development of Enterprises"

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　　1.韓保慶著《WTO爭端解決機(jī)制存在的問題淺析》，載于《對外經(jīng)貿(mào)實(shí)務(wù)》2003年第6期

　　1. Han Baoqings "Analysis of the Problems in the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism", published in the 6th issue of "Foreign Economic and Trade Practice" in 2003

　　2.黃志雄著《對發(fā)展中國家參與GATT/WTO爭端解決活動的法律分析》，載于《法學(xué)評論》2001年第6期

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　　Introduction to WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism by Yu Minyou, Zuo Haicong, and Huang Zhixiong, Shanghai Peoples Publishing House, 2001 edition

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　　14. Edited by Hui Huiming and Zhao Songling, "The World Trade Organization (WTO) and Its Dispute Resolution Experience", published by China Fangzheng Publishing House in 2002

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　　19. Zhou Zhonghais "On the Role of International Law in the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism", published in the Journal of Beijing Political and Legal Management Cadre College, Issue 2, 2002

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　　20. Zhao Xiuwens "On the Dispute Resolution Mechanism of the World Trade Organization", published in "Collected Works of International Law", Ethnic Publishing House, 2001 edition

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　　21. Yang Guohua et al., "Research on Consultation Procedures in WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanisms", published in Legal Review, Vol. 2, 2003

　　22.楊國華、李著《談WTO爭端解決程序中的``第三方》，載于商務(wù)部網(wǎng)站中國政法大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文論WTO爭端解決機(jī)制的發(fā)展與改革

　　22. Yang Guohua and Lis "On the Third Party in the WTO Dispute Settlement Procedure", published on the website of the Ministry of Commerce, in the Masters Thesis of China University of Political Science and Law on the Development and Reform of the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism

　　23.王新著《WTO爭端解決機(jī)制和下一輪談判的主要問題及我們的對策》，載于《律師世界》2002年第2期

　　23. Wang Xins "WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism and Main Issues in the Next Round of Negotiations and Our Countermeasures", published in Lawyers World, Issue 2, 2002

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