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談談肝小靜脈閉塞病的彩超表現
【摘要】 目的 研究肝小靜脈閉塞病的臨床和彩超表現,探討其彩超特征。方法 回顧性分析因外傷服用“土三七”后,經病理和臨床診斷的肝小靜脈閉塞病16例的超聲資料。結果 16例超聲檢查均顯示肝腫大、腹水,肝區實質回聲呈“豹紋狀”、“斑片狀”低回聲區。肝靜脈顯示不清或未見顯示15例,表現細小1例。16例下腔靜脈肝段均受壓變細、變窄,無遠端擴張。4例血管造影顯示肝靜脈及下腔靜脈無栓塞。16例門靜脈主干內徑均正常,但血流速緩慢。肝穿刺活檢6例病理診斷肝小靜脈閉塞病。結論 彩超對肝小靜脈閉塞病診斷有一定價值。【關鍵詞】 菊三七 肝小靜脈閉塞病 彩超
【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the clinical and sonographic characteristics of hepatic veno-occlusive disease. Methods Sixteen patients with hepatic veno-occlusive disease cases (meso-age 57 years, range 42~74 years) diagnosed by pathobiology or clinical manifestation were recruited into study group. All patients had history of taking in the traditional Chinese ical herb “gynura segetum” due to trauma. Enhanced CT scanning and ultrasonographic examinations were performed on all cases. Angiography was performed on four cases, and hepatic tissue biopsy guided by ultrasound was performed on six cases. Results All cases revealed ascites, hepatomegaly, and panther- stripe or patching low echogenic area of liver on two-dimensional ultrasound imaging. Only one case showed small hepatic vein, and hepatic veins of the others were indistinct or not showed. Hepatic segments of inferior vena were narrow, flat. Four cases showed unobstructed blood flow in hepatic vein and inferior vena using angiography. The diameters of main portal veins were normal, but the velocities of flow blood were slowly in all cases. Six cases were diagnosed by pathobiology. Conclusions Ultrasonography plays very important role in confirming diagnosis for hepatic veno-occlusive disease.
【Key words】 Gynura segetum Hepatic veno-occlusive disease Ultrasound
肝小靜脈閉塞病(veno occlusive disense,VOD)非常罕見[1~3]。本文收集外傷后服用“土三七”(gynura segetum,又名“菊三七”[4])引起肝小靜脈閉塞病16例,就其病史和彩超表現作一分析,旨在探討肝小靜脈閉塞病的超聲特征性表現。
1 臨床資料
1.1 一般資料 1996年12月至2006年12月,本院收治VOD 16例,其中男7例,女9例,年齡42~74歲(中位年齡57歲)。16例患者外傷或骨折后均有服用“土三七”史。新鮮“土三七”煎服,每天30~70g(平均50g),總劑量300~700g(平均500g),服用后15~45d(平均28d),出現上腹部脹痛不適和肝功能損害、腹水。體檢:肝腫大,腹水,腹壁淺靜脈無曲張。實驗室檢查:表面抗原陽性1例,總膽紅素升高15例,直接膽紅素升高1例,丙氨酸轉氨酶升高13例, 堿性磷酸酶升高11例,谷氨酰轉肽酶、天冬氨酸轉氨酶升高14例,白蛋白下降6例,白蛋白/球蛋白比例下降13例,凝血酶原時間延長4s以上10例,延長2s以上6例。其中6例經超聲引導下穿刺病理活檢,4例經DSA檢查。診斷為VOD后立即停用菊三七,經過低分子肝素、阿司匹林及護肝利尿等針對性治療,經過隨訪(最短6個月,最長6年),一般情況良好,肝臟腫大消退,無腹水,肝功能全部恢復正常。
1.2 VOD診斷標準 參照文獻[5,6]:(1)其他原因無法解釋的膽紅素增高(≥34.2μmol/L);(2)疼痛性肝腫大、腹水、不明原因的體重增加(≥2%以上)3項中符合2項;(3)肝穿剌活檢病理檢查證實。
1.3 檢查方法 超聲檢查設備為GE Vivid five 或GE logil 400 pro或百勝DU6。超聲空腹檢查:觀察肝臟大小及其包膜、實質回聲,測量肝靜脈、門靜脈、肝段下腔靜脈內徑及觀察有無栓塞,觀察有無側支循環及血流動力學改變,觀察有無腹水。
2 結果
16例VOD 超聲均表現右肝腫大,包膜光滑,肝區回聲增粗、增密、分布不均,呈“豹紋狀” 或“斑片狀”低回聲區;15例3支肝靜脈未顯示或顯示不清,1例右、中、左肝靜脈內徑分別為3mm、2mm、2mm,血流通暢,未見栓塞;16例門靜脈內徑均正常,血流變慢,無栓塞物;肝段下腔靜脈外形變細、變窄,內徑變小,血流速度加快,出現湍流,無栓塞物,遠端無擴張,無側支循環形成;16例均有腹水。CT檢查,16例均表現3支肝靜脈顯示不清或未見顯示,肝內小靜脈變細、扭曲變形。DSA表現:DSA檢查4例,證實下腔靜脈及3支肝靜脈無梗阻,其壓力、流速及血管腔內徑正常。病理表現:6例經右肝組織穿剌活檢,病理診斷為肝小靜脈閉塞病。停用菊三七,經治療后隨訪,肝臟大小恢復正常,腹水消失,肝內“斑片狀”、“豹紋狀”低回聲消失,3支肝靜脈顯示清晰,肝段下腔
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