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Profiles of the Chinese Pig Industr
畢業(yè)論文
Nomatterwhomyouask,theanswerwillbethesame:ChinaistheNo.1porkproducerandconsumeronthisplanet.Intheyearof2000,527millionheadsofpigswereslaughtered,andnearly50%ofallporkintheworldisnowproducedinChina(NBSC,FAO,USDA,2002).1.3billionconsumersseemtopreferporkoveranyothermeatsintheirmeals-essentiallyallporkproducedinthecountryisconsumeddomestically.
Dependingonwhomyouask,youwillatleasthavesomedifferentanswersabouttheprofilesoftheChinesepigindustry.In1999,asurveyconductedbyNBSC(NationalBureauofStatisticsofChina)revealedthathouseholdsinruralChinaraisedanaverageof1.48pigs(NBSC,2000).Onepersonof8intheworldisaChinesefarmer.Anotherfrequentlyquotedstatisticisthatabout80percentofallChinesepigsareproducedinthebackyardsoffarmers’homes.Recentreportspreparedin2002byhogindustryassociationsinZhejiang,Shanghai,Beijing,andGuangdongprovincesproposedthat40to50percentofthehogswereproducedon‘scalefarms’inthoseprovinces.,itisdifficulttopreciselydefinea‘scalefarm’andvalidatethereportswithoutmorereliabledata.Whatarethecorrectnumberstodescribetheprofiles?Therealitymaybesimple:therehasbeennosoundandcomprehensiveinvestigation/surveyaccomplishedsofarinordertoaccuratelyprofiletheindustry.
IncreasingmarketopennessinferredbyChina’saccessiontotheWorldTradeOrganization,continuedincomegrowth,andtheshiftoffoodconsumptionpatternstowardsmoremeathaveattractedmoreandmoreattentionsfromtherestofworldonChineseporkindustry.
ThisreportattemptstodepictthepigindustryinChinabyexploringtheproductioncostsandmajorconstraintsofseveralswineproducers.KeyfactorsandissueswillaccordinglybestressedtoillustratewhatdifferentiatestheChinesepigindustryfromothercountries’andwhatdirectiontheindustryisheadinginforthefuture.
Case1:Ms.Yan-StrugglingBackyardProducers
Ms.Yanis64yearsoldandhasbeenraisingtwopigsforthelast40yearsexceptforseveralextremeyearsinearly1960smanypeoplediedoffamine.Sheandherhusbandre-builttheirhouseinruralShandongProvincesatleastsixtimesinthelast40years.
InthoseverydifficultyearsamidtheCulturalRevolution,3or4pigsayearcouldaddasignificantpartoffamilyrevenue.Foodgrain(mainlywheat)wasneverenoughforfouryoungchildrenintheearlyyears.Sellingapigtwoorthreetimesayearallowedforthepurchasesofotherfoodsinreturn.
Table1.OperationDescriptionofMs.Yan’s2-pigFarm.
ItemsNote
1.FeederPigs-boughtfromlocalbazaarsatabout15to23Kgandabout$0.85/Kg2-or3-waycrossbred.Paycanbedeferredasshort-termdebt.
2.Feed-onlyabout10%ofthefeedisgrain,proteinmeals,andpremixes;othersarefoodresidueswithnocost.Onlyfeedlittlegrainatearlyandlatestage.
3.Daystomarket-about200daysfrom20Kgto65Kg.
4.Marketpigs-soldtodealersoronlocalbazaars.Liveweightpricevariesfrom$0.65to$0.80/Kgin2002.
5.Manure-storedinaopenpitforfieldapplicationConsideredtohavevalue
6.Labor&Vets-timeusedforbuyingandsellingpigsandcleaning;vetsanddrugscostabout$10perpig.Noopportunitycostforlaborincluded
TTable2.ConsolidatedBalanceSheetofMs.Yan’s2-pigOperation,
June30,2002
ItemsAmount,USDItemsAmount,USD
AssetsLiability
Current
Cashforfeedandvets42Shorttermdebtforfeederpigs19
4%premixandotherfeedinstore9Taxespayable4
Fixed
Pigshed,trough,andtools133
Pigs77
Totalequity238
Table3.EstimatedConsolidatedIncomeStatementofMs.Yan’2-pigOperation,December31,2002
ItemsAmount,USDNote
Revenues
Pigssold141.53pigssoldayear
Manurecollectedforfertilizeruse29Opportunitycost
Expenses
Buyfeederpigs21.5
Grainandproteinmeals13.88%offeed
Premixes2.85Kgtotal
Labor65Normallynotincluded
Vetsanddrugs7.3
Others6.5
Depreciation2.7
Netincomebeforetaxes&nb
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