英文書信

英文書信范文

　　書信是重要的交際工具。英文書信分為兩大類：公務(wù)信件和私人信件。公務(wù)信件是單位與單位或單位與個(gè)人之間來往的書信，可能是推薦信、求職信、入學(xué)申請書、邀請信，或詢問、答復(fù)、反映意見(如投訴信)等的信件。私人信件是指親戚朋友之間的通信。這兩類書信各有自己的格式。一般說來，私人信件不拘形式，信文多用手寫，也可打印;公務(wù)信件要求比較嚴(yán)格，必須遵循一定的格式，信文一定要打印。

　　第一節(jié) 英文書信的結(jié)構(gòu)

　　英文書信一般由以下六部分組成：信頭、信內(nèi)地址、稱呼、正文、結(jié)尾、簽名。

　　1.1 信頭(Heading)

　　信頭是指發(fā)信人的地址和日期，通常寫在第一頁的右上角。行首可以齊頭寫，也可以逐行縮進(jìn)寫。地址的書寫順序由小到大：門牌號(hào)、街道、城市、省(州)、郵編、國名，最后寫發(fā)信日期。私人信件一般只寫寄信日期即可。例如： 123 Tianhe Road Tianhe District

　　Guangzhou 510620 Guangdong Province P. R. C. Jan. 8, 2010

　　1.2 信內(nèi)地址(Inside Address)

　　信內(nèi)地址要寫收信人的姓名和地址。在公務(wù)信件中要寫明這一項(xiàng)，在私人信件中，這一項(xiàng)常常省略。該項(xiàng)寫在寫信日期下一行的左上角，格式與寄信人地址一樣。

　　1.3 稱呼(Salutation)

　　稱呼是對(duì)收信人的稱謂，應(yīng)與左邊線對(duì)齊，寫在收信人姓名、地址下面1-2行處。在稱呼后，英國人常用逗號(hào)，美國人則常用冒號(hào)。在私人信件中可直呼收信人的名字，但公務(wù)信件中一定要寫收信人的姓。大部分信件在稱呼前加“Dear”。如： Dear Professor/Prof. Bergen: Dear Dr. Johnson,

　　對(duì)不相識(shí)的人可按性別稱呼：

　　Dear Sir: 或Dear Madam: Dear Ladies。

　　如果不知收信人的性別則可用Dear Sir or Madam:

　　1.4 正文(Body of Letter)

　　正文是書信的主體。與中文信件不同的是，英文書信的正文的開頭不是先寫一些問候語，再闡明寫信的目的，而是直接說明寫信人的身份及寫信的目的，然后提出寫信人的情況、想法或要求，并加以必要的解釋或說明。英文書信陳述目的時(shí)，應(yīng)該直截了當(dāng)，意思明確，層次清楚，言簡意賅。

　　書信正文的第一句話或第一段，通常被稱為起首語。一般說來，人們習(xí)慣用一些客套的寫法作為書信正文的起始，即先將對(duì)方來信的日期、主題加以簡單描述，以便使對(duì)方一看便知該信是回答哪一封信的。如果是第一次給別人寫信，也可用開頭語作必要的自我介紹，并表明自己寫信的主要目的。

　　1.5 結(jié)尾禮詞(Complimentary Close)

　　公務(wù)信件的結(jié)尾禮詞包含兩部分：發(fā)信人的結(jié)尾套語與署名。結(jié)尾套語寫在簽名上面一行，第一個(gè)字母要大寫，套語結(jié)尾后面要加逗號(hào)。在公務(wù)信件中，發(fā)信人常用的結(jié)尾套語有：

　　Yours truly, Yours sincerely, Respectfully yours, Cordially yours, Yours cordially等。

　　私人信件中，發(fā)信人常用的結(jié)尾套語有：

　　Sincerely yours, Lovely yours, Your lovely, Your loving son/daughter等。

　　1.6 簽名(Signature)

　　寫信人的簽名常位于結(jié)尾禮詞正下方一二行。除非是給很熟悉的人寫信，簽名一般須寫出全名。簽名常常較潦草，不易辨認(rèn)，因此在簽名的正下方須打印出全名。

　　第二節(jié) 書信作文的出題形式和寫作要領(lǐng)

　　1、Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday. You should write at least 120 words according to the suggestion given below in Chinese:

　　(1). 表示歡迎

　　(2). 提出對(duì)度假安排的建議

　　(3). 提醒應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng) A Letter to a Schoolmate June 23, 2015 Dear Xiao Wang,

　　__________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________.

　　Yours, Zhang Ying

　　從上面的例子可見，書信作文不僅給出正文部分的內(nèi)容的提綱，而且還給出書信各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)的框架。也就是說，我們只要考慮如何表達(dá)提綱部分的內(nèi)容，而不用考慮書信的結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　在寫書信作文時(shí)，首先要把書信正文的提綱內(nèi)容細(xì)化，擴(kuò)展成更細(xì)的英文提綱，然后用簡潔、明了、禮貌、正確和得體的語言表達(dá)出細(xì)化了的提綱內(nèi)容。例如前面的那封信就可以列出下面的提綱： Topic: A Letter to a SchoolmateQuestion: What are the holiday arrangements and points for attention?

　　Outline:I. Extending my welcomeII. Holiday schedule1. 1st day – campus2. 2nd day – the art gallery & music hall3. 3rd day – mountain climbing4. next 3 days – other places of interest (Swan Cave, Golden Lake „)5. Last day -- departureIII. Points for attention1. Train number & time of arrival2. SunglassesIV. Looking forward to seeing you.Introduction Body 1Body 2Conclusion

　　范文：

　　A Letter to A Schoolmate

　　June 23, 2015 Dear Xiao Wang,

　　I’m very glad to learn that you’re going to visit me during the week-long holiday. My parents will also be happy to see you again. I am sure you will enjoy every minute here.

　　I have arranged our schedule for the holiday as follows. On the first day you arrive, I’ll show you around our campus. On the second day, we’ll visit the art gallery and the music hall. Next day, we’ll climb a hill in the northeastern part of the city. On the top of the hill, we can have a wonderful bird’s eye view of the city. During the next

　　考慮文章的結(jié)構(gòu)、采用的起首語和結(jié)束語等。

　　2\Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Xiao Li. Write a letter to Xiao Zhang, a roommate of yours who is a heavy smoker. You should write at least 120 words according to the suggestion given below in Chinese: 1. 吸煙已成為宿舍的一大問題 2. 吸煙的危害 3. 建議戒煙

　　A Letter to a Roommate March 16, 2015 Dear Xiao Zhang,

　　_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________.

　　參考文章:

　　A Letter to a Roommate

　　March 16, 2002

　　Dear Xiao Zhang,

　　Recently I have noticed that you have been smoking heavily, which is becoming a serious problem. As long as you are in, our bedroom is filled with that terrible smell. The ashtray always overflows with cigarette butts.

　　Your are ruining your health, destroying brain cells which can never be replaced, not to mention the damage to your lungs and windpipes. Smoking, especially heavy smoking, correlates highly with lung cancer. It is possible that you'll be caught up with it. I'm not scaring you. Besides, smoking is also harmful to the health of our roommates and the friendship among us. The roommates avoid being in the bedroom for fear of being polluted. As a result, the brotherhood among roommates is gradually fading.

　　If I were you, I would try to get rid of the bad habit. It is not difficult to break away from it if you are really determined to quit. Remember 'Where there is a will, there is a way'. I will always be there to help, if you need.

　　Yours sincerely,

　　Xiao Li

Yours sincerely, Xiao Li

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