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2022年雅思考試精選閱讀訓(xùn)練題附答案詳解
導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：雅思考試中的閱讀理解題有很多種題型，只有平時(shí)多做題，才會(huì)積累不同題型的解題方法。下面是YJBYS小編提供的2017年雅思考試精選閱讀訓(xùn)練題，大家做完記得對(duì)答案哦!
new weapon to fight cancer
1. British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way to fight cancer, which kills tumours by infecting them with viruses like the common cold.
2. If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects.
3. Leonard Seymour, a professor of gene therapy at Oxford University, who has been working on the virus therapy with colleagues in London and the US, will lead the trials later this year. Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour's pioneering techniques.
4. One of the country's leading geneticists, Prof Seymour has been working with viruses that kill cancer cells directly, while avoiding harm to healthy tissue. "In principle, you've got something which could be many times more effective than regular chemotherapy," he said.
5. Cancer-killing viruses exploit the fact that cancer cells suppress the body's local immune system. "If a cancer doesn't do that, the immune system wipes it out. If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because there's no immune system to stop them replicating. You can regard it as the cancer's Achilles' heel."
6. Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer. "They replicate, you get a million copies in each cell and the cell bursts and they infect the tumour cells adjacent and repeat the process," said Prof Seymour.
7. Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drugs. "It's an interesting possibility that they may have an advantage in killing drug-resistant tumours, which could be quite different to anything we've had before."
8. Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. American scientists have previously injected viruses directly into tumours but this technique will not work if the cancer is inaccessible or has spread throughout the body.
9. Prof Seymour's innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body's immune system, effectively allowing the viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs do - spread through the blood and reach tumours wherever they are. The big hurdle has always been to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours via the bloodstream without the body's immune system destroying them on the way.
10. "What we've done is make chemical modifications to the virus to put a polymer coat around it - it's a stealth virus when you inject it," he said.
11. After the stealth virus infects the tumour, it replicates, but the copies do not have the chemical modifications. If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body's immune system.
12. The therapy would be especially useful for secondary cancers, called metastases, which sometimes spread around the body after the first tumour appears. "There's an awful statistic of patients in the west ... with malignant cancers; 75% of them go on to die from metastases," said Prof Seymour.
13. Two viruses are likely to be examined in the first clinical trials: adenovirus, which normally causes a cold-like illness, and vaccinia, which causes cowpox and is also used in the vaccine against smallpox. For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses.
14. The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed. Several more years of trials will be needed, eventually also on the polymer-coated viruses, before the therapy can be considered for use in the NHS. Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, Prof Seymour hopes that one day it might be applied to all cancers.
Questions 1-6
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 1-6 write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage
1.Virus therapy, if successful, has an advantage in eliminating side-effects.
2.Cancer Research UK is quite hopeful about Professor Seymour’s work on the virus therapy.
3.Virus can kill cancer cells and stop them from growing again.
4.Cancer’s Achilles’ heel refers to the fact that virus may stay safely in a tumor and replicate.
5.To infect the cancer cells, a good deal of viruses should be injected into the tumor.
6.Researches on animals indicate that virus could be used as a new way to treat drug-resistant tumors.
Question 7-9
Based on the reading passage, choose the appropriate letter from A-D for each answer.
7.Information about researches on viruses killing tumor cells can be found
(A) on TV
(B) in magazines
(C) on internet
(D) in newspapers
8.To treat tumors spreading out in body, researchers try to
(A) change the body’ immune system
(B) inject chemotherapy drugs into bloodstream.
(C) increase the amount of injection
(D) disguise the viruses on the way to tumors.
9.When the chemical modified virus in tumor replicates, the copies
(A) will soon escape from the tumor and spread out.
(B) will be wiped out by the body’s immune system.
(C) will be immediately recognized by the researchers.
(D) will eventually stop the tumor from spreading out.
Questions 10-13
Complete the sentences below. Choose your answers from the list of words. You can only use each word once.
NB There are more words in the list than spaces so you will not use them all.
In the first clinical trials, scientists will try to ……10…… adenovirus and vaccinia, so both the viruses will be less pathogenic than the ……11…….These uncoated viruses will be applied directly to certain areas to confirm safety on human beings and the right ……12…… needed. The experiments will firstly be ……13……to the treatment of certain cancers
List of Words
dosage responding smallpox virus
disable natural ones inject
directed treatment cold-like illness
kill patients examined
Answers Keys:
1.答案：FALSE (見(jiàn)第2段：If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects. Virus therapy 只能避免一些副作用，而不是根除。)
2.答案：TRUE (見(jiàn)第3段，特別是最后一句： Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour's pioneering techniques. )
3. 答案：NOT GIVEN (文中沒(méi)有提到virus可以抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞再生長(zhǎng))
4. 答案：TRUE (見(jiàn)第5段第3、4句： 這里“cancer’s Achilles' heel”指 “If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because there's no immune system to stop them replicating.” Achilles' heel的意思是“唯一致命弱點(diǎn)”)
5. 答案：FALSE (見(jiàn)第6段第第1句：Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer.)
6. 答案：TRUE (見(jiàn)第7段：Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drug. ……, which could be quite different to anything we've had before." )
7. 答案：B (見(jiàn)第8段第1、2句：Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. Journal意思是“日?qǐng)?bào)、期刊、雜志”)
8. 答案：D (見(jiàn)第9段第1句：Prof Seymour's innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body's immune system, …… “mask”的意思是“掩蓋、隱蔽、偽裝”， 在這里和 “disguise”同義。)
9. 答案：B (見(jiàn)第11段第2句： If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body's immune system.. “mop up”這里與 “wipe out” 同義，意思是“消滅、殲滅”。)
10.答案：disable (見(jiàn)第13段最后1句：For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses. )
11. 答案：natural ones (見(jiàn)第13段最后1句：For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses. )
12. 答案：dosage (見(jiàn)第14段第1句：The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed.)
13. 答案：directed (見(jiàn)第14段最后1句：Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, …)
The Enemy Within英語(yǔ)閱讀練習(xí)附答
Allergy has become more and more common over the last 30 years. Now one-third of us are affected by allergy at some point in our lives and half of these sufferers are children. In the UK,three million people suffer from asthma,and five per cent of children suffer from food allergy.
Allergy is a reaction that occurs when the immune system has a strange and unnecessary reaction to a substance which is normally harmless,such as pollen or peanuts. ____1____ To defend your body against an attacker,the immune system remembers these dangerous micro-organisms and attacks them if it meets them again. This work is done by antibodies. The immune system in allergy sufferers makes antibodies against harmless substances,because it mistakenly believes them to be dangerous.
An allergic reaction may not happen the first time a sufferer meets an allergen （the substance causing the reaction,such as pollen,milk or strawberries）。 Sometimes people can eat nuts for years and then suddenly become allergic to them. What has happened is that the immune system has now decided the substance is dangerous and has made an allergy antibody. This antibody then attaches itself to cells,which contain histamine. ____2____ As they do that,the surface of the cells is broken,and histamine is released. The histamine and other chemicals inflame the tissues. This leads to the symptoms of allergy,such as swelling,rashes,sneezing,sore eyes and breathlessness. Anaphylaxis is the most severe allergic reaction of all and is most often triggered by wasp or bee stings or peanuts. This must be treated immediately.
____3____ Some people are born with the ability to make lots of allergy antibodies,and they are more likely to develop allergies and allergic disorders such as hay fever and asthma.
____4____ We eat more processed foods,with a wide range of additives and colourings;more and more people have central heating and double glazing,making our houses warmer and less draughty-an ideal environment to breed the house dust mite.
There may also be a link between allergies and antibiotics. At one time our immune systems were kept busy fighting off disease and trying to win the battle for health,but antibiotics have reduced the amount of work our immune systems have to do. Now experts think they may direct spare energy to harmless substances such as strawberries. ____5____
A good deal of research is being devoted to finding a cure for allergies. Sufferers may be given medicine to control symptoms,and they may also be offered tests to find out what substances trigger an allergic reaction so that they can avoid contact with these in future.
詞匯:
allergy n. 過(guò)敏，過(guò)敏癥
sufferer n. 患者，受害者
asthma n. 哮喘
substance n. 物質(zhì)
pollen n. 花粉
micro-organism n. 微生物
antibodies n. antibody的復(fù)數(shù)形式，意為抗體
allergen n. 過(guò)敏源
nut n. 堅(jiān)果
histamine n. 組織胺，組胺
tissue n. 人體組織
symptom n. 病癥，征兆
rash n. 皰疹
sneezing n. 打噴嚏
breathlessness n. 呼吸急促，氣喘吁吁
anaphylaxis n. 全身性過(guò)敏反應(yīng)，過(guò)敏反應(yīng)
wasp n. 黃蜂
sting n. 蟄，咬
hayfever n. 枯草熱，花粉病
additives n. 添加劑，食品添加劑
cure n. 治療，解藥
注釋:
1.suffer from……忍受^的折磨
2.be devoted to sth. ……全身心投入于^
練習(xí):
A The immune system is there to protect the body against outside attackers,including viruses,bacteria and parasites.
B In other words our immune systems have become over-sensitive.
C Allergies run in families.
D International differences have been associated with the number of individuals within a population have allergy.
E When the antibodies meet the allergen the next time,they attempt to destroy it.
F Experts believe more people have developed allergies because of changes in our lifestyle which have exposed us to more allergens.
答案與題解:
1.A 該是對(duì)機(jī)體免疫系統(tǒng)功能的介紹，而文中對(duì)免疫系統(tǒng)的首次提及是在該選項(xiàng)的上一句話，即描述過(guò)敏反應(yīng)是免疫系統(tǒng)的活動(dòng)，該選項(xiàng)故而可被視為是對(duì)上一句話的補(bǔ)充與說(shuō)明。
2.E 本題做題線索有兩點(diǎn)，首先是上下文，本段前幾句都是對(duì)抗體的描述與介紹，故與選項(xiàng)E主題相符，同時(shí)第二個(gè)做題點(diǎn)為邏輯順序詞，本段的第一句話中提到了An allergic reaction may not happen the first time a sufferer meets an allergen，而該選項(xiàng)中又有了the next time，這兩個(gè)邏輯順序詞也構(gòu)成了解題線索。
3.C 該選項(xiàng)在文章的第四段，講的是過(guò)敏反應(yīng)在特殊人群中的反應(yīng)，選項(xiàng)C的意思為“過(guò)敏反應(yīng)是具有遺傳性的”，與該段后一句some people are born with the ability……相對(duì)應(yīng)。
4.F 文章第五段主要講的是能導(dǎo)致過(guò)敏反應(yīng)的兩個(gè)例子，缺少中心句，而選項(xiàng)C恰好能對(duì)這兩個(gè)例子進(jìn)行概括說(shuō)明，故答案為選項(xiàng)C.
5.B 該選項(xiàng)為概括總結(jié)項(xiàng)，是對(duì)前文說(shuō)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，該段的前面部分提及的是抗生素與過(guò)敏反應(yīng)之間的關(guān)系，即其對(duì)于人體免疫系統(tǒng)的影響，而該選項(xiàng)則是一個(gè)結(jié)果性的描述，即免疫系統(tǒng)變得過(guò)于敏感了，其可對(duì)前文中抗生素的作用進(jìn)行總結(jié)說(shuō)明。
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