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      2. 英語賓語從句解析

        時間:2024-12-05 05:57:04 基礎英語 我要投稿

        英語賓語從句解析

          “賓語從句是名詞性從句的一種。在主從復合句中充當賓語,位于及物動詞、介詞或復合謂語之后的從句稱為賓語從句。下面由小編告訴大家什么叫賓語從句,希望可以給你帶來幫助!

        英語賓語從句解析

          賓語從句

          1.語序

          無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句,賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序,即“主句+連詞+賓語從句(主語+謂語+……)”句式。根據連接詞在從句中所擔任的不同成分,可分為以下四種:

          1)連接詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語。常見的連接詞有: who,what,which等。如:

          Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?你能告訴我誰知道答案嗎?

          The small children don't know what is in their stockings.這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西?

          2)連接詞+名詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接詞有:whose,what,which,how many,how much等。如:

          He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他問我們班上誰的書法最好。

          The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老師問我們房間里有多少人。

          3)連接詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語、狀語或表語。常見的連接詞有:who(m),what,which,how many,how much, when,why,how,where,if /whether(在句中不充當任何成分)等。如:

          He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi.他還沒決定是否去無錫旅行。

          Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎?

          4)連接詞+名詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常見的連接詞有:what,which,how many,how much,how等。如:

          Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪個班嗎?

          She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。

          2.連接詞

          1)當由陳述句充當賓語從句時,用that引導,that無詞義,在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如:

          He said that he could finish his work before supper.他說他會在晚飯前完成工作。

          2)當由一般疑問句充當賓語從句時,用if或whether引導,意為“是否”。如:

          I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。

          但在下列情況下只能用whether:

         、僭诰哂羞x擇意義,又有or或or not時,尤其是直接與or not連用時,往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如:

          Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know whether or not he will come)讓我知道他是否能來。

          I don't know whether /if he does any washing or not.(=I don't know whether or not he does any washing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。

          I wonder whether we stay or whether wego.我不知道我們是去還是留。

         、谠诮樵~之后用whether。如:

          I'm interested in whether he likes English.我關心的是他是否喜歡英語。

          We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.我們正在考慮是否能按時完成這項工作。

          I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我擔心是否傷了她的感情。

         、墼诓欢ㄊ角坝脀hether。如:

          He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。

          I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。

          He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。

         、躻hether置于句首時,不能換用if。如:

          Whether this is true or not,I can't say.這是否真的我說不上來。

          ⑤引導主語從句和表語從句時宜用whether。如:

          Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能來還是個問題。

          The question is whether we can catch the bus.問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。

         、奕粲胕f會引起歧義時,則用whether。如:

          Please let me know if you like the book.可理解為:

          a.Please let me know whether you like the book.請告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。

          b.If you like the book,please let me know.你如果喜歡這本書,請告訴我。

          3)如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句,只需用原來的特殊疑問詞引導。如:

          Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?你能告訴我今天早上你為什么開會遲到嗎?

          3.時態

          含賓語從句的復合句,主、從句謂語動詞的時態呼應應包括以下三點內容:

          1)如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時,從句的謂語動詞可根據需要,選用相應的任何時態。如:

          I don't know when he will come back.我不知道他將何時回來。

          He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來了。

          2)如果主句的謂語動詞是過去時,賓語從句的謂語動詞只可根據需要,選用過去時態即一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時或過去完成時的某一種形式。如:

         、賂he children didn't know who he was.孩子們不知道他是誰。

         、贖e asked his father how it happened.他問他父親這件事是如何發生的。

          3)如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實、普遍真理、自然現象或習慣性動作等,不管主句用什么時態,從句時態都用一般現在時。如:

          The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老師說地球繞著太陽轉。

          4.注意:

          if和when既可以引導賓語從句,也可以引導狀語從句,應注意它們在兩種從句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引導賓語從句時,分別意為“是否”和“何時”,其時態應和主句時態相呼應;它們引導狀語從句時,意思分別為“如果,假如”和“當……時候”,當主句時態是一般將來時時,其時態用一般現在時。它們常常放在含有狀語從句和賓語從句的題干中進行綜合考查。如:

          —Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ?你知道他明天什么時候回來嗎?

          —Sorry,I don't know.When he comes back,I'll tell you.對不起,不知道。當他回來了,我將告訴你。

          —I don't know if he will come.我不知道他是否會來。

          —He will come if it doesn't rain.如果不下雨,他會來的。

          英語賓語從句知識點

          一.賓語從句的定義

          置于動詞、介詞等詞性后面起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句。賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序。謂語動詞、介詞、動詞不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能帶賓語從句。有些形容詞(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以帶賓語從句。

          二.賓語從句中引導詞的用法

          在復合句中作主句的賓語,引導詞有:

          連詞:that (that 常可省略),whether, if 。代詞:who, whose, what ,which 。副詞:when ,where, how, why 等。(一)that引導的賓語從句(在非正式場合that可以省略)

          可跟that從句做賓語的動詞有:say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。

          例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.

          注意事項:當主句謂語動詞是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等詞,而賓語從句的意思是否定時,常把否定轉移至主句表示。

          例句:I don't think it is right for him to treat you like that.

          在以下情況中that不能省略

          1當句中的動詞后接多于兩個由that引導的賓語從句時,第一個that可省,但后面的that不可省。

          例句:He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.

          2當主句的謂語動詞與that賓語從句之間有插入語時,that一般不可省。

          例句:Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.

          3當that從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時,that不可省。

          例句:I can't tell him that his mother died.

          注意事項:許多帶復合賓語的句子,that引導的賓語從句經常移到句子后部,而用it作形式賓語。

          例句:I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.

         。ǘ┯蓋hether,if 引導的賓語從句

          由whether(if)引導的賓語從句,實際上是一般疑問句演變而來的。意思是"是否"。賓語從句要用陳述句語序。一般說來,在賓語從句中whether與if可以互換使用,但在特殊情況下if與whether是不能互換的。

          例句:I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.

          只能用whether,不能用if引導的賓語從句

          在帶to的不定式前

          例句:We decided whether to walk there.

          1在介詞的后面 例句:I'm thinking of whether we should go to see the film.

          2在動詞后面的賓語從句 例句:We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week

          3直接與or not連用時 例句:I can't say whether or not thet can come on time.

          只能用if不能用whether引導的賓語從句

          1 if引導條件狀語從句,意為"如果" 例句:The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.

          2 if引導否定概念的賓語從句時 例句:He asked if I didn't come to school yesterday.

          3 引導狀語從句even if(即使)和as if(好象)時 例句:He talks as if he has known all about it.

          (三)連接代詞和連接副詞引導的賓語從句

          這樣的賓語從句實際上是由特殊疑問句變化而來的,賓語從句要用陳述句語序。用于這種結構的動詞常常是:see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。

          英語中的連接代詞有:who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔任主語、賓語、定語或者表語。

          例句:Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?

          英語中的連接副詞有:when,where,why,how,在句中擔任狀語的成分。

          例句:None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

          三.賓語從句的語序 賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序即:連接代詞/副詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。例句如下:1 I don't know what they are looking for. 2 Could you tell me when the train will leave?

          3 Can you imagine what kind of man he is?

          四.賓語從句的時態

          1主句是一般現在時,從句根據實際情況使用任何時態。例句:The headmaster hopes everything goes well.

          2主句是過去時態,從句須用過去時態的某種形式。

          例句:She was sorry that she hadn't finished her work on time.

          3 當賓語從句表示的是一個客觀真理或者事實時,即使主句是過去時,從句也用一般現在時態。

          例句:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.

          五.賓語從句的特點

          1賓語從句可以作及物動詞、介詞及形容詞的賓語。 2 賓語從句的語序一律用陳述句語序。

          3連接詞that引導賓語從句在句中無詞義,不充當句子成份,多數情況下可以省略。

          4whether 和 if 都可引導賓語從句,但 whether后可緊跟or not;whether從句可作介詞的賓語。

          5 如果從句太長,可以用形式賓語it.

          介詞的賓語從句

          用wh-類的介詞賓語從句

          We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.

          我們正在討論是否讓學生加入我們的俱樂部.

          The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.

          這本新書是關于神州6號載人航天飛船是如何升入太空的.

          用that,if引導的介詞賓語從句

          有時候except,but,besides三個介詞后可見到that引導的賓語從句

          I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.

          對于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一無所知.

          形容詞的賓語從句

          常用來引導賓語從句的形容詞有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised

          I am sure I will pass the exam.

          我確信我會通過考試.

          I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.

          很抱歉我這么長時間在打擾你.

          He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.

          他很高興在他生病的時候李明能去看望他.

          英語賓語從句的三個難點

          一、賓語從句與形式賓語it

          當賓語從句后跟有賓語補足語時,通常在賓語從句處使用形式賓語it,而將真正的賓語從句移至句末。如:

          I think it best that you should stay here. 我認為你最好住這兒。

          He hasnt made it known when he is going to get married. 他還沒宣布他何時結婚。

          二、連詞that的省略問題

          引導賓語從句的連詞that 通?梢允÷浴H纾

          She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她說過要來開會的。

          I promise you (that)I will be there. 我答應你我會去。

          但是,有時為了強調,that引導的賓語從句可位于句首,此時that不可省略。如:

          That she is a good girl I know. 她是一個好姑娘,我是知道的。

          三、賓語從句與否定轉移

          當動詞think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 后接一個表示否定意義的賓語從句時,其否定通常轉移到主句。如:

          I dont suppose that it is true. 我認為那不是真的。

          I dont imagine that he will come. 我想他不會來的。

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