動詞的四種時態(tài)
時態(tài)是一種動詞形式，不同的時態(tài)用以表示不同的時間與方式。它是表示行為、動作、狀態(tài)在各種時間條件下的動詞形式，在英語中有16種時態(tài)。以下是小編為大家整理的動詞的四種時態(tài)相關內(nèi)容，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助大家。
動詞的四種時態(tài)1
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時：
一般現(xiàn)在時的構成
1. be動詞：主語+be(am, is, are)+其它。如： I am a boy. 我是一個男孩。
2. 行為動詞：主語+行為動詞(+其它)。 如： We study English. 我們學習英語。
當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時，要在動詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。
動詞+s的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“輔音字母+y”結尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
(2)一般過去時:
動詞過去式詳解 動詞的過去式的構成規(guī)則有：
A、規(guī)則動詞
�、� 一般直接在動詞的后面加ed：如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
�、� 以e結尾的動詞直接加d：如 lived , danced , used
③ 以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)
④ 雙寫最后一個字母(此類動詞較少)如 stopped
B、不規(guī)則動詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則，須熟記)小學階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式：sing – sang , eat – ate ,
see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
(3)一般將來時：
基本結構：
�、賐e going to + do;
�、趙ill+ do. be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
(4)現(xiàn)在進行時: am,is,are+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞
動詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動詞的ing形式的構成規(guī)則：
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
�、� 以e 結尾的動詞，要先去e再加ing ，如having , writing
�、� 雙寫最后一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有：running , swimming , sitting , getting
動詞的四種時態(tài)2
一般現(xiàn)在時
主要用來表示人、事物的現(xiàn)在狀況和特點；表示經(jīng)�；蛄晳T性的動作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等時間狀語； 表示客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理等。
例句：
He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning.
She has a brother who lives in New York.
The earth goes around the sun.
Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.
考點一：表示永恒的真理，即使出現(xiàn)在過去的語境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。
I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary
school.
考點二：在時間和條件狀語從句中，代替一般將來時；常用的引導詞有：
時間：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/
the minute, the day;
條件：if, unless, provided.
If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.
考點三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter+賓語從句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。
So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.
只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么時候做完試驗。
考點四：在the more… the more… (越……越……) 的句型中, 若主句是一般將來時, 從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時。
The harder you study, the better results you will get.
現(xiàn)在進行時
表說話時或目前一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的活動：表感情色彩，加強語氣。與頻率副詞，如always，constantly，continually，again等連用表示說話人的某種感情色彩（贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等）。
例句：
We are having English class.
The house is being built these days.
The little boy is always making trouble.
考點一：在時間狀語或條件狀語從句中表示將來正在進行的動作。
Look out when you are crossing the street.
Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.
考點二： 表示在最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作（這時多有表示將來的時間狀語）。
Marry is leaving on Friday.
現(xiàn)在完成時
表示動作發(fā)生在過去，完成在過去，但強調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系，其結果或影響仍存在。
現(xiàn)在完成時有一些標志性的時間狀語。
考點一：for + 時間段；since + 時間點
They have lived in Beijing for five years.
They have lived in Beijing since 1995.
I have learned English for ten years.
考點二：常見的不確定的時間狀語：lately; recently, just, already, yet,up to now; till now; so far, these days,
Has it stopped raining yet ?
考點三：在表示“最近幾世紀/ 年/ 月以來……”時間狀語中，謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。
in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等
考點四：表示“第幾次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名詞+that” 后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時。
This is my first time that I have visited China.
This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
That is the only book that he has written.
一般過去時
表在過去某個特定時間發(fā)生且完成的動作，或過去習慣性動作，不強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，只說明過去。常跟明確的過去時間連用，
如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war;
before; a few days ago; when
考點一：used to + do，表示過去經(jīng)常但現(xiàn)在已不再維持的習慣動作。
to為不定式，后接動詞原形。
be/become/get used to + doing，表示習慣于。
He used to smoke a lot.
He has got used to getting up early.
考點二：在時間和條件狀語從句中，代替過去將來時。
He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise.
過去進行時
表示過去某個時間點或某段時間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動作。
例句：
The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from
work.
He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone
shouted for help.
What were you doing at nine last night?
The radio was being repaired when you called me.
過去完成時
表示過去某個時間之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，即過去完成時的動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，句中有明顯的參照動作或時間狀語，這種時態(tài)從來不孤立使用
( before, after, by, up till）
例句：
There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.
By the end of last term we had finished the book.
They finished earlier than we had expected.
考點一：用于hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner ...than 句型中，主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。
I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.
I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.
No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主謂倒裝）
考點二：表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過去時，從句用過去完成時。
That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.
It was three years since we had parted.
考點三：動詞hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan用過去完成時，表示未實現(xiàn)的愿望、打算和意圖。
I had hoped that I could do the job.
I had intended to see you but I was too busy.
一般將來時
表在將來某個時間會發(fā)生的動作或情況。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示將來的時間狀語連用，其表現(xiàn)形式多達5種。
例句：
Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.
考點一：一般將來時總是用在一些時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句的主句中
We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.
�。ㄖ骶溆靡话銓頃r，從句中一定要用一般現(xiàn)在時替代一般將來時。）
考點二：某些表示短暫性動作的動詞如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用現(xiàn)在進行時形式表示將來。
I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
考點三：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，這種結構中and后面的句子謂語用一般將來時。
Use your head and you will find a way.
考點四：“am (is, are) going to + 動詞原形”表示打算要做的事或可能要發(fā)生的事。
“am (is, are) about to +動詞原形”表示按照預定計劃或打算準備著手進行的動作。
“am (is, are) to + 動詞原形”表示必須、必然或計劃將要做的事。
They are to be married in this May.
將來進行時
表將來某個時間正在發(fā)生的動作，或按計劃一定會發(fā)生的事情。
例句：
I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow.
The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.
將來完成時
表在將來某時刻之前業(yè)已完成的事情，時間狀語非常明顯。
考點一：常用的時間狀語一般用by+將來的時間。
如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next
year以及由by the time…, before或when等引導的副詞從句。
By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.
By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.
By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.
考點二：在時間和條件狀語從句中，將來完成時則由現(xiàn)在完成時表示。
The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived
back from school.
動詞的語態(tài)
一般用于強調(diào)受者， 做題時謂語動詞不再有名詞或賓語。動詞的語態(tài)一般不單獨考，而是和時態(tài)、語氣和非謂語動詞一起考。
考點一：不能用于被動語態(tài)的'動詞和詞組
come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur,
belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed
例句：
It took place before liberation.
考點二：下列動詞的主動語態(tài)表示被動意義, 而且常與well, quite, easily, badly等副詞連用。
lock ( 鎖 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 賣 ); read ( 讀 ); wear ( 穿 );
blame (責備)；ride (乘坐)；write ( 寫 )；
Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。
The car rides smoothly. 這車走起來很穩(wěn)。
The case locks easily. 這箱子很好鎖。
The book sells well. 這本書很暢銷。
考點三：一些常用經(jīng)典被動句型：
It is said…, It is reported…, It is widely believed…, It is expected…, It is estimated…,
這些句子一般翻譯為“據(jù)說……”，“人們認為……”，而 “以前人們認為……” 則應該說：It was believed…, It was thought ...。
動詞的四種時態(tài)3
不及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)
如appear，rise，die，happen，belong to，break out，take place等。
Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.(誤)
Great changes have taken place in my hometown. (正)
我們家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
表示狀態(tài)的動詞不用于被動語態(tài)
如lack，fit，mean，hold，have，cost，contain，become，last，possess，consist of，look like等。
The book costs 10 yuan.這本書花了10元錢。
What’s become of her?她怎么了?
主動形式表被動的幾種情況
(1)某些感官動詞和系動詞后加形容詞可以表示被動意義，如look，smell，taste，feel，prove，wear，sound等。
The flower smells sweet.花聞起來很香。
The dish tastes delicious.菜吃起來非�？煽�。
(2)在主語是物的句子里，有些動詞的主動形式可以表示被動意義，這些詞后常有副詞修飾。常用的這類動詞有
sell，read，write，wear，wash，open，clean，cook，keep，cut，fill，blow，measure，lock，run，record，begin，shut等。
This type of recorder sells well.
這種型號的錄音機銷路很好。
H e doesn’t photograph well.他不太上相。
This kind of shirt cleans easily.這種襯衫容易洗干凈。
(3)動名詞主動形式表示被動意義
通常是事物(也可以是人)作want，need, require，deserve等動詞的主語時，表示事物(或人)客觀上“需要……”，用動名詞一般式的主動形式作賓語表示被動意義。若動名詞是不及物的，后面還應有相應的介詞。
The children need looking after.孩子們需要照看。
這種用法還可把動名詞改為動詞不定式的被動形式來表被動。
The children need to be looked after.
(4)在作表語的某些形容詞(easy，difficult，light，heavy，fit，good，safe，comfortable，dangerous，pleasant等)后作狀語用的不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。
She is easy to approach.她平易近人。
The rock is hard to break.這塊巖石很難打碎。
不定式符號to在被動語態(tài)中不可省略
在主動語態(tài)中，如果感官動詞和使役動詞后的賓語補足語是動詞，這個動詞前往往不用to，但在被動語態(tài)中要帶to。
I saw her pass by the window.我看見她從窗邊經(jīng)過。
She was seen to pass by the window.她被看見從窗邊經(jīng)過。
get (got)+過去分詞也可構成被動語態(tài)
get常同marry，beat，break，damage，tear，strike，hurt，paint，invite，repair，dress等動詞的過去分詞連用，構成被動語態(tài)。
John and Jane got married last month.
上個月，約翰和簡結婚了。
They got caught in the storm.他們碰上暴風雨了。
1. Daniel’s family________their holiday in Huangsh an this time next week.
A.are enjoying B.are to enjoy
C.will enjoy D.will be enjoying
【解析】句意為：丹尼爾一家人下個星期的這個時候肯定正在黃山度假。根據(jù)this time next week判斷，選用將來進行時will be doing。
【答案】 D
2. My parents have promised to come to see me before I________for Africa.
A.have left B.leave
C.left D.will leave
【解析】句意為：我父母已經(jīng)答應在我去非洲之前來看我。不定式to come to see me表示的是將來動作，before引導的時間狀語從句需用一般現(xiàn)在時。
【答案】 B
3.During the period of recent terrorist activities，people________not to touch any unattended bag.
A.had always been warned
B.were always being warned
C.are always warning
D.always warned
【解析】句意為：在最近恐怖活動期間，人們總是在被警告不要碰任何無人照看的包。be always doing sth.總是做某事，表達某種抱怨、不滿或贊許的情緒。人們是“被警告”，要用被動語態(tài)。
【答案】 B
4.The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities________rising steadily since 1997.
A.is B.are
C.has been D.have been
【解析】句意為：在中國上大學的外國留學生的數(shù)量自1997年以來穩(wěn)步上升�！皌he number of+n.”作主語時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;由since 1997可知句子的時態(tài)應用現(xiàn)在完成時。
【答案】 C
5. —Ann is in hospital.
—Oh，really?I________know.I________go and visit her.
A.didn’t;am going to B.don’t;would
C.don’t;will D.didn’t;will
【解析】句意為：——Ann在住院�！叮娴膯�?我還不知道呢。我要去看望她。這里講的I didn’t know指的是在對方還沒告知Ann在住院這件事之前，我不知道，所以用一般過去時;第二個空用will指的是事先未經(jīng)計劃或安排的“意愿，打算”。
【答案】 D
6. —Hi，Torry，can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?
—Sorry.________.
A.It’s repaired
B.It has been repaired
C.It’s being repaired
D.It had been repaired
【解析】句意為：——嗨，Torry，今天下午我能用一會兒你的電腦嗎?——真抱歉，電腦正在修理。該句強調(diào)的是此時電腦正被維修，需用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。
【答案】 C
7.—What do you think of the movie?
—It’s fantastic.The only pity is that I________the beginning of it.
A.missed B.had missed
C.miss D.would miss
【解析】句意為：——你覺得這部電影怎么樣?——太棒了。唯一可惜的是，我錯過了開頭部分。錯過開頭部分對于現(xiàn)在而言是發(fā)生在過去的事情，故選A。
【答案】 A
8. His sister left home in 1998，and________since.
A.had not been heard of
B.has not been heard of
C.had not heard of
D.has not heard of
【解析】句意為：他妹妹在1998年離開家，從那以后就沒了音訊。根據(jù)句意，指的是過去離開以后，到現(xiàn)在一直沒音訊，故用現(xiàn)在完成時;hear of與his sister在本句中為被動關系，故用被動語態(tài)，所以選B。
【答案】 B
9. According to the literary review，Shakespeare________his characters live through their language in his plays.
A.will make B.had made
C.was making D.makes
【解析】句意為：這篇文學評論說，莎士比亞使他劇中的人物通過語言鮮活起來。本句考查時態(tài)，當介紹一種理論時，常用一般現(xiàn)在時。
【答案】 D
10.Excuse me，Marcia，a reporter from Vanity Fair_______ _all day.Could you speak to her now?
A.phones B.has phoned
C.has been pho ning D.phoned
【解析】句意為：打擾了，Marcia，一名Vanity Fair的記者打了一整天的電話。你現(xiàn)在可以接她的電話嗎?根據(jù)句意和時間狀語all day可知，此句需用現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示說話人的一種情感，如：不滿，抱怨，責備等。注意，現(xiàn)在完成時表示到目前為止動作可能已經(jīng)結束，側重對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結果。
【答案】 C
11.—Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?
—Terry?Never!She________tents and fresh air!
A.has hated B.hated
C.will hate D.hates
【解析】結合題意可知此處應用一般現(xiàn)在時表示她的習慣，她討厭帳篷和新鮮的空氣。
【答案】 D
12.—Got your driving license?
—No.I________too busy to have enough practice，so I didn’t take the driving test last week.
A.was B.am
C.have been D.had been
【解析】考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)句中so I didn’t take the driving test last week可知說話人過去一直很忙而沒有進行足夠的練習，以至于沒有參加上周的駕照考試。發(fā)生在過去的動作“take”之前，因此應該用過去完成時。
【答案】 D
13.(2010屆成都玉林中學月考)He will have learned English for eight years by the time he________from the university next year.
A.will graduate B.will have graduated
C.graduates D.is to graduate
【解析】考查時態(tài)。by the time引導的是時間狀語從句，而本句的主句是將來時，所以從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。
【答案】 C
14.I________in London for many years，but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.
A.lived B.have lived
C.had lived D.was living
【解析】 “我在倫敦生活了很多年”只是對過去的一般敘述，過去的動作并沒有對現(xiàn)在造成影響，故用一般過去時。
【答案】 A
15.—What’s your opinion about my suggestion?
—Sorry，I________.Would you please say it again?
A.hadn’t listened B.wouldn’t listen
C.wasn’t listening D.didn’t listen
【解析】考查時態(tài)。從本題的語境來看，說話人剛才沒有在聽對方的建議，因此，使用過去進行時，表示“聽”的動作剛才沒有在發(fā)生。
【答案】 C
16.Although many measures________，the world’s economy is still going down.
A.were taken B.have been taken
C.will be taken D.are taken
【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)。表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時;take與measures之間構成動賓關系，所以要用被動語態(tài)。
【答案】 B
17. Since the beginning of the vacation，I__ ____across the country，and my next stop is the Wuyi Mountains.
A.had traveled B.will travel
C.have been traveling D.was traveling
【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。該題的時間狀語為since+過去的時間點，結合后面的“my next stop is the Wuyi Mountains”可以看出這里應該用現(xiàn)在完成進行時，表示從過去開始的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能持續(xù)下去。
【答案】 C
18.Right now the government is trying to control the number of people who________by H1N1 flu.
A.have been affected B.have affected
C.are affected D.affect
【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意為：政府正在試圖控制感染H1N1流感的人的數(shù)量。人們被感染流感，用sb.be affected by sth.結構，這里說的是現(xiàn)在的一般情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。
【答案】 C
19.(2010年長春第一次調(diào)研)—I saw Lucy and her boyfriend in the park at nine yesterday evening.
—Impossible.She________the Internet with me i n my home then.
A.surfed B.had surfed
C.would surf D.was surfing
【解析】考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容可知，昨天晚上九點時Lucy正在和我一起上網(wǎng)，因此用過去進行時。
【答案】 D
20.(2010年上海春招)The employees________that they should renew their contracts within a week.
A.advise B.have advised
C.are advised D.had been advised
【解析】考查動詞的語態(tài)。語意：(公司)建議員工在一周內(nèi)續(xù)簽合同。根據(jù)語意，The employees與advise為動賓關系，所以應該用被動結構，故選C項。
【答案】 C
21.(2010屆撫順一中第一次同步考試)With the help of high technologh，more and more new substances________in the past years.
A.discovered
B.have discovered
C.had been discovered
D.have been discovered
【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。由句中的時間狀語in the past years可知，這里應用現(xiàn)在完成時;句子的主語new substances與discover之間為動賓關系，故選D項。
【答案】 D
22.(2010屆成都聯(lián)考)—Look!Everything here is under construction.
—What’s the pretty small house that________for?
A.is being built B.has been built
C.is built D.is building
【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。語意表明從句中用現(xiàn)在進行時，名詞house是動詞build的承受者，所以謂語用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。第二句語意為：正在修建的那座漂亮的小房子是用來做什么的?
【答案】 A
23.(2010屆江西高安中學月考)—Did you have any trouble finding your way in Shanghai?
—Yes，I tried to find my way to the airport but________.
A.has been lost B.get lost
C.lost D.got lost
【解析】前面的問句以及tried暗示時態(tài)應為一般過去時，因此選got lost。
【答案】 D
24.(2010屆皖南八校聯(lián)考)We’ve been told the good news，but when and where to go for the exciting paid vacation________yet.
A.are not discussed
B.have not been discussed
C.is not being discussed
D.has not been discussed
【解析】后一分句的主語為when and where to go for the exciting paid vacation，表示的是一件事，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，由此排除A、B兩項。根據(jù)句末的yet可知應該用完成時，即這件事還沒有被討論。
【答案】 D
25.(2010年西安質量檢測)We haven’t moved into the new office building—it________right now.
A.is decorating B.has been decorated
C.is being decorated D.has been decorating
【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)。根據(jù)題干中前面一句話的時態(tài)及后一句話中的時間狀語right now可知，應用現(xiàn)在進行時;又依據(jù)語意可知，房子正在(被)裝修，因此選C。
【答案】 C
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