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2016年6月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀理解真題及答案解析
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀理解第三部分是仔細(xì)閱讀，又稱為深度閱讀，占據(jù)20%的分值。下面是小編整理的2016年英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀理解真題，歡迎閱讀!
Section A 選詞填空
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on ,Answer Street 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Pursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development. "The adolescent becomes an adult when he26__________ a real job." To cognitive researchers like Piaget, adulthood meant the beginning of an27__________ .
Piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work, their newly acquired ability to form hypotheses allows them to create representations that are too ideal. The28__________ of such ideals, without the tempering of the reality of a job or profession, rapidly leads adolescents to become29__________ of the non-idealistic world and to press for reform in a characteristically adolescent way. Piaget said: "True adaptation to society comes30__________ when the adolescent reformer attempts to put his ideas to work."
Of course, youthful idealism is often courageous, and no one likes to give up dreams. Perhaps, taken31__________ out of context, Piaget's statement seems harsh. What he was32__________ , however, is the way reality can modify idealistic views. Some people refer to such modification as maturity. Piaget argued that attaining and accepting a vocation is one of the best ways to modify idealized views and to mature.
As careers and vocations become less available during times of33__________ , adolescents may be especially hard hit. Such difficult economic times may leave many adolescents34__________ about their roles in society. For this reason, community interventions and government job programs that offer summer and vacation work are not only economically __35__ but also help to stimulate the adolescent's sense of worth.
A. automatically
B. beneficial
C. capturing
D. confused
E. emphasizing
F. entrance
G. excited
H. existence
I. incidentally
J. intolerant
K. occupation
L. promises
M. recession
N. slightly
O. undertakes
Section B 段落匹配
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Can societies be rich and green?
[A] our economies are to flourish, if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being of the world's people enhanced—not just in this generation but in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends." That statement comes not, as you might imagine, from a stereotypical tree-hugging, save-the-world greenie (環(huán)保主義者), but from Gordon Brown, a politician with a reputation for rigour, thoroughness and above all, caution.
[B] A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world's most powerful economies to say? Perhaps; though in the run-up to the five-year review of the Millennium (千年的)Goals, he is far from alone. The roots of his speech, given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations, stretch back to 1972, and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.
[C] "The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world," read the final declaration from this gathering, the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago.
[D] Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—many for conferences such as this year's Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread.
[E] Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them, according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy. Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic, some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two.
[F] If such an indicator exists, it is well hidden. And on reflection, this is not surprising; the single word "environment" has so many dimensions, and there are so many other factors affecting wealth—such as the oil deposits—that teasing out a simple economy-environment relationship would be almost impossible.
[G] The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year, found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably— working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term, but certainly brings long-term rewards.
[H] And the World Resources Institute (WRI) in its World Resources 2005 report, issued at the end of August, produced several such examples from Africa and Asia; it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich, as poorer people derive a much higher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them.
[I] But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment, in rich and poor parts of the world alike, whether through unregulated mineral extraction, drastic water use for agriculture, slash-and-burn farming, or fossil-fuel-guzzling (大量消耗) transport. Of course, such growth may not persist in the long term—which is what Mr. Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out. Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery. For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod (鱈魚(yú)) provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40,000 people, sustaining entire communities in Newfoundland. Then, abruptly, the cod population collapsed. There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself, let alone an industry. More than a decade later, there was no sign of the ecosystem re-building itself. It had, apparently, been fished out of existence; and the once mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor.
[J] There is a view that modem humans are inevitably sowing the seeds of a global Grand Banks-style disaster. The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planet's environmental bank balance than it can sustain; we are living beyond our ecological means. One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this "ecological overshoot of the human economy", and found that we are using 1.2 Earth's-worth of environmental goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in, and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free-will grind to a halt.
[K] Whether this is right, and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall, is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations. It is also the reason why development agencies are not
united in their view of environmental issues; while some, like the WRI, maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development, others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy, and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation.
[L] This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care. But is this right? Do things get better or worse as we get richer? Here the Stockholm declaration is ambiguous. "In the developing countries," it says, "most of the environmental problems are caused by under-development." So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world? Not necessarily; "In the industrialized countries, environmental problems are generally related to industrialisation and technological development," it continues. In other words, poor and rich both over-exploit the natural world, but for different reasons. It's simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner.
[M] Clearly, richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements which lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities. Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks, clean rivers, clean air and poison-free food They also, however, use far more natural resources—fuel, water (all those baths and golf courses) and building materials.
[N] A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems, the most graphic example being climate change. As a country's wealth grows, so do its greenhouse gas emissions. The figures available will not be completely accurate. Measuring emissions is not a precise science, particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use; not all nations have released up-to-date data, and in any case, emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not included in national statistics. But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible. As countries become richer, they produce more greenhouse gases; and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poor parts of the world.
[O] Wealth is not, of course, the only factor involved. The average Norwegian is better off than the average US citizen, but contributes about half as much to climate change. But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels? That question, repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet, is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival.
36. Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment for economic progress.
37. Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world.
38. It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner.
39. The common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental protection and economic growth.
40. Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environment issues while ensuring economic progress.
41. It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness generates more profits than exploiting the natural environment.
42. Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the long run.
43. A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human development depends on the natural environment.
44. Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations's economic development.
45. One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of natural resources on Earth.
Section C 仔細(xì)閱讀
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. , B. , C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Interactive television advertising, which allows viewers to use their remote controls to click on advertisements, has been pushed for years. Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewers of "Friends", a popular situation comedy, would soon be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Aniston's with a few taps on their remote control. "It's been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years," says Colin Dixon of a digital-media consultancy.
So the news that Cablevision, an American cable company, was rolling out interactive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism. During commercials, an overlay will appear at the bottom of the screen, prompting viewers to press a button to request a free sample or order a catalogue. Cablevision hopes to allow customers to buy things with their remote controls early next year.
Television advertising could do with a boost. Spending fell by 10% in the first half of the year. The popularization of digital video recorders has caused advertisers to worry that their commercials will be skipped. Some are turning to the Internet, which is cheaper and offers concrete measurements like click-through rates—especially important at a time when marketing budgets are tight. With the launch of interactive advertising, "many of the dollars that went to the Internet will come back to the TV," says David Kline of Cablevision. Or so the industry hopes.
In theory, interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that 30-second spots do not Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe deodorant (除臭劑), which kept viewers engaged for more than three minutes on average.
The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small. Magna, an advertising agency, reckons it will be worth about $138 million this year. That falls far short of the billions of dollars people once expected it to generate. But DirecTV, Comcast and Time Warner Cable have all invested in it. A new effort led by Canoe Ventures, a coalition of leading cable providers, aims to make interactive advertising available across America later this year. BrightLine iTV, which designs and sells interactive ads, says interest has surged: it expects its revenues almost to triple this year. BSkyB, Britain's biggest satellite-television service, already provides 9 million customers with interactive ads.
Yet there are doubts whether people watching television, a "lean back" medium, crave interaction. Click-through rates have been high so far (around 3-4%, compared with less than 0.3% online), but that may be a result of the novelty. Interactive ads and viewers might not go well together.
46. What does Colin Dixon mean by saying "It's been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years(Lines 4-5, Para. 1)?
A. Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.
B. Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the last decade or so.
C. Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situation comedies.
D. Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.
47. What is the public's response to Cablevision's planned interactive TV advertising program?
A. Pretty positive.
B. Totally indifferent.
C. Somewhat doubtful.
D. Rather critical.
48. What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TV advertising?
A. It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers.
B. It helps advertisers to measure the click-through rates.
C. It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.
D. It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease.
49. What do we learn about Unilever's interactive campaign?
A. It proves the advantage of TV advertising.
B. It has done well in engaging the viewers.
C. It helps attract investments in the company.
D. It has boosted the TV advertising industry.
50. How does the author view the hitherto high click-through rates?
A. They may be due to the novel way of advertising.
B. They signify the popularity of interactive advertising.
C. They point to the growing curiosity of TV viewers.
D. They indicate the future direction of media reform.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
What can be done about mass unemployment? All the wise heads agree: there're no quick or easy answers. There's work to be done, but workers aren't ready to do it—they're in the wrong places, or they have the wrong skills. Our problems are structural, and will take many years to solve.
But don't bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view. There isn't any. On the contrary, all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand. Saying that there're no easy answers sounds wise, but it's actually foolish: our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act. In other words, structural unemployment is a fake problem, which mainly serves as an excuse for not pursing real solutions.
The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector, while the number of workers forced into part-time employment in almost all industries has soared. Unemployment has surged in every major occupational category. Only three states, with a combined population not much larger than that of Brooklyn, have unemployment rates below 5%. So the evidence contradicts the claim that we're mainly suffering from structural unemployment. Why, then, has this claim become so popular?
Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment—in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem deeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them sound serious.
I've been looking at what self-proclaimed experts were saying about unemployment during the Great Depression; it was almost identical to what Very Serious People are saying now. Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly, declared one 1935 analysis, because the workforce is "unadaptable and untrained. It cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may offer." A few years later, a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economy's needs—and suddenly industry was eager to employ those "unadaptable and untrained" workers.
But now, as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of government action on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy. And that, fundamentally, is why claims that we face huge structural problems have been multiplying: they offer a reason to do nothing about the mass unemployment that is crippling out economy and our society.
So what you need to know is that there's no evidence whatsoever to back these claims. We aren't suffering from a shortage of needed skills; we're suffering from a lack of policy resolve. As I said, structural unemployment isn't a real problem, it's an excuse—a reason not to act on America's problems at a time when action is desperately needed.
51. What does the author think is the root cause of mass unemployment in America?
A. Corporate mismanagement.
B. Insufficient demand.
C. Technological advances.
D. Workers' slow adaptation.
52. What does the author think of the experts' claim concerning unemployment?
A. Self-evident.
B. Thought-provoking.
C. Irrational.
D. Groundless.
53. What does the author say helped bring down unemployment during the Great Depression?
A. The booming defense industry.
B. The wise heads' benefit package.
C. Nationwide training of workers.
D. Thorough restructuring of industries.
54. What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply?
A. Powerful opposition to government's stimulus efforts.
B. Very Serious People's attempt to cripple the economy.
C. Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries.
D. Economists, failure to detect the problems in time.
55. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A. To testify to the experts' analysis of America's problems.
B. To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment
C. To show the urgent need for the government to take action.
D. To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation.
參考答案
26 [O]空格所在句子為 when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且根據(jù)主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 becomes 可進(jìn)一步確定此處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)。賓語(yǔ)是 a real job, undertakes“承擔(dān);從事”符合語(yǔ)境，句子表示從事一份真正的工作時(shí)，他(她)才真正步人成年人的行列。而 promises“承諾”不符合語(yǔ)義邏輯。
27[K]空格前面的不定冠詞 an 決定了此處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)首發(fā)音是元音的名詞。上句提到，青少年真正步入成年人行列是當(dāng)他從事一份真正的工作時(shí)，也就是說(shuō)成年意味著一份職業(yè)的開(kāi)始,故填入 occupation“職業(yè)”合適。
28[H]空格前面的 the 和后面的 of 決定了此處應(yīng)填入名詞，和后面的 of such ideals 搭配。existence“存在”符合語(yǔ)義邏輯，表示這些理想的存在。
29[J]空格前面是動(dòng)詞 become,可判斷此處應(yīng)填入形容詞或名詞。前面提到青少年會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些過(guò)于理想化的想法，那么對(duì)于這個(gè)不那么理想的世界應(yīng)該是“接受不了”或“難以忍受的”，故填入 intolerant“無(wú)法忍受的”。
30 [A]空格位于動(dòng)詞 comes 之后，when 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句之前，所在句子不缺少主要成分，可判斷此處需要填入副詞。從邏輯上推斷，當(dāng)青少年改革者試圖將他的想法付諸工作實(shí)踐時(shí)，對(duì)社會(huì)的真正適應(yīng)就是自然而然的了，故 automatically“自動(dòng)地;自然而然地”符合語(yǔ)境。
31[N]空格所在部分為一個(gè)固定短語(yǔ) take... out of context,意為“斷章取義，脫離上下文”,其中 take 的賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)是句子的主語(yǔ) Piaget's statement,所以該過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，且不缺少主要成分，由此可判斷此處需要填入一個(gè)副詞。本句要說(shuō)明在什么情況下，皮亞杰的論斷或許太過(guò)苛刻，填入 slightly“輕微地”合適，意為“稍加孤立地看”。
32[E]空格所在部分為 what 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，由前面的助動(dòng)詞 was 可判斷此處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式,本句的表語(yǔ)是 the way“那種方式”。emphasizing“強(qiáng)調(diào)”符合語(yǔ)境，表示他意在強(qiáng)調(diào)的是那種方式。
33[M]空格前面的 of 決定了此處應(yīng)填入名詞或動(dòng)名詞形式。就業(yè)崗位越來(lái)越少，所以應(yīng)該是處于蕭條時(shí)期，且根據(jù)下文 difficult economic times 也可判斷出 recession“衰退”符合語(yǔ)義邏輯。
34 [D]空格所在部分為“leave sb.+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，空格填入的單詞作 leave 的賓補(bǔ)，且能與后面的 about 搭配，可判斷此處應(yīng)填入形容詞或動(dòng)詞的分詞形式。處于這樣的經(jīng)濟(jì)困難時(shí)期，很多青少年或許對(duì)他們?cè)谏鐣?huì)中扮演的角色應(yīng)該是“迷茫”或“困惑”的，詞庫(kù)中符合這一語(yǔ)義的是 confused“困惑的;混亂的”。
35[B]空格所在句子缺少謂語(yǔ)，由前面的助動(dòng)詞 are 可判斷此處應(yīng)填入形容詞或動(dòng)詞的分詞形式。根據(jù)主語(yǔ) community interventions and government job programs 和空格前的 economically, 可知填入 beneficial“有益的”，表示社區(qū)干預(yù)和政府提供的就業(yè)計(jì)劃不僅使青少年在經(jīng)濟(jì)上受益。
36 [I]【譯文】有很多例子證明，窮國(guó)和富國(guó)都利用環(huán)境來(lái)發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)。
【定位解析】根據(jù)題目的關(guān)鍵詞 Examples, rich and poor 和 the environment 查找到 I 段首句。這句話指出在世界很多地方，無(wú)論窮富，都有很多通過(guò)破壞環(huán)境而實(shí)現(xiàn)財(cái)富增長(zhǎng)的例子。題目中的 economic progress 對(duì)應(yīng)原文的 growing wealth，exploit 對(duì)應(yīng)原文的 trashing。
【譯文】保護(hù)和改善環(huán)境使全世界人們受益。
【定位解析】根據(jù)題目關(guān)鍵詞 Environmental protection and improvement 可查找到 C 段。該段承接 B 段內(nèi)容，首句引用了 1972 年聯(lián)合國(guó)人類環(huán)境大會(huì)宣言，“保護(hù)和改善人類環(huán)境是一個(gè)重要議題，因?yàn)檫@關(guān)系到人們的幸福以及全球的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展”。題目中的 Environmental protection and improvement 與文中 The protection and improvement of the human environment 同義。
38[L]【譯文】經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)將使世界更潔凈，這未必是事實(shí)。
【定位解析】根據(jù)題目關(guān)鍵詞 economic growth 和 our world cleaner 可查找到 L 段最后一句。本段就財(cái)富是否必然帶來(lái)更潔凈的世界展開(kāi)論證，最后一句是其主旨句：經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)將必然使我們的世界更潔凈，事實(shí)絕非如此。題目的 not necessarily 對(duì)應(yīng)原文的 simply not true。
39 [D]【譯文】聯(lián)合國(guó)報(bào)告的共同主題是環(huán)境保護(hù)與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的關(guān)系。
【定位解析】根據(jù)題目關(guān)鍵詞 common theme，relation 和 environmental protection and economic growth 可查找到 D 段。該段指出，在聯(lián)合國(guó)機(jī)構(gòu)和各發(fā)展組織準(zhǔn)備的眾多報(bào)告中，環(huán)境保護(hù)與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展之間的聯(lián)系是一條共同的主線。題目中 common theme 對(duì)應(yīng)原文的 common thread,而 relation 與 linkage 近義， economic growth 則對(duì)應(yīng)原文的 economic progress。
40[K]【譯文】如何在確保經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的同時(shí)解決環(huán)境問(wèn)題，各發(fā)展機(jī)構(gòu)意見(jiàn)不一。
【定位解析】根據(jù)題目關(guān)鍵詞 Development agencies，tackle 和 environment issues 可查找到 K 段。該段指出，各發(fā)展機(jī)構(gòu)在環(huán)境問(wèn)題上意見(jiàn)不一，有的主張改善環(huán)境與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展同步進(jìn)行，而有的則認(rèn)為應(yīng)先發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)后解決環(huán)境問(wèn)題。題目中 development agencies、tackle 都是文中的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，而 disagree 對(duì)應(yīng)原文的 are not united; environment issues 對(duì)應(yīng) environmental issues。
41[E]【譯文】很難找到確鑿的證據(jù)來(lái)證明，對(duì)環(huán)境友好比開(kāi)發(fā)利用自然環(huán)境更有益于人類。
【定位解析】根據(jù)題目關(guān)鍵詞 evidence, environmental friendliness, profits 和 exploiting 等可查找到 E 段前兩句。該段首先引用了《千年生態(tài)系統(tǒng)評(píng)估報(bào)告》的論斷:保持生態(tài)的可持續(xù)性比開(kāi)發(fā)利用它們更有益于人類;繼而指出，找到支持這一觀點(diǎn)的確鑿證據(jù)并不容易。題目中 solid evidence 是原文 hard evidence 的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，environmental friendliness 對(duì)應(yīng)原文的 Managing ecosystems sustainably，profits 是原文 profitable 的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，而 exploiting 是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。
42 [G]【譯文】從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的可持續(xù)管理被證明是有益的。
【定位解析】根據(jù)題目關(guān)鍵詞 Sustainable management of ecosystems, rewarding in the long run 可查找到 G 段。該段引用《千年生態(tài)系統(tǒng)評(píng)估報(bào)告》這項(xiàng)研究的首期結(jié)論：維持生態(tài)的可持續(xù)性可能在短期內(nèi)對(duì)人類的好處減少，但必定會(huì)帶來(lái)長(zhǎng)期效益的。題目中 Sustainable management of ecosystems 和 rewarding in the long run 分別對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 managing ecosystems sustainably 和 long-term rewards。
43 [A]【譯文】一位以謹(jǐn)慎著稱的政治家宣稱，人類的可持續(xù)發(fā)展有賴于自然環(huán)境。
【定位解析】根據(jù)題目關(guān)鍵詞 politician，cautious 和 natural environment 可查找到 A 段。該段首先引用了戈登·布朗的一段原話，“如果我們想讓經(jīng)濟(jì)繼續(xù)保持繁榮……，我們就必須關(guān)注自然環(huán)境、資源，因?yàn)檫@是我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)賴以進(jìn)行的基礎(chǔ)。”然后指出戈登·布朗是一位以嚴(yán)厲、認(rèn)真、謹(jǐn)慎而著稱的政治家。題目中 noted for 是原文 with a reputation for 的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，而 sustainable human development 是對(duì) our economies are to flourish... in succeeding generations 的概括。
44 [n]【譯文】貧窮國(guó)家將不得不承擔(dān)富裕國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)所帶來(lái)的代價(jià)。
【定位解析】根據(jù)題目關(guān)鍵詞 Poor countries，bear the cost，rich nations' economic development 可查找到 N 段。該段主要以氣候變化為例來(lái)論述富裕國(guó)家將發(fā)展帶來(lái)的環(huán)境問(wèn)題轉(zhuǎn)嫁到貧窮國(guó)家身上，其中最后一句總結(jié)說(shuō)，隨著國(guó)家越來(lái)越富有，他們產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體也會(huì)越來(lái)越多;這些氣體的影響將會(huì)主要波及到世界貧窮地區(qū)。題目是對(duì)該段最后一句的概括論述。
45 [J]【譯文】最近一項(xiàng)研究警告我們地球上的自然資源面臨枯竭的危險(xiǎn)。
【定位解析】根據(jù)題目關(guān)鍵詞 recent study、warn、exhaustion of natural resources 等可查找到 J 段。該段最后一句引用了一項(xiàng)最新的研究，試圖通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)警告人們，我們將在未來(lái)的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)被追債，屆時(shí)所有這些服務(wù)(地球免費(fèi)提供給我們的一切)都將終止，意即地球資源總有一天會(huì)枯竭的。題目 exhaustion of natural resources 是對(duì)原文 all those services... will grind to a halt 的概括。
46[D]【定位】題干已經(jīng)將本題定位至第 1 段第 4 至第 5 行。
【解析】本題詢問(wèn)科林·狄克遜所說(shuō)的這句話的意思。第 1 段開(kāi)頭就指出互動(dòng)電視廣告已推出多年。大概 10 多年前就有人預(yù)測(cè)它的前景廣闊。但在段末處科林·狄克遜表示過(guò)去的 10 年、12 年每年都在說(shuō)今年是互動(dòng)電視廣告之年。換言之,互動(dòng)電視廣告發(fā)展停滯不前。因此 D 項(xiàng)“互動(dòng)電視廣告沒(méi)有取得預(yù)期效果”正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A 項(xiàng)“互動(dòng)電視廣告將在十至十二年內(nèi)流行起來(lái)”與文章表達(dá)內(nèi)容不符，原文只是提及過(guò)去十至十二年及如今互動(dòng)電視廣告的情況。原文并沒(méi)有提到過(guò)去互動(dòng)電視廣告是否受到爭(zhēng)議,B 項(xiàng)“互動(dòng)電視廣告在過(guò)去的十年左右一直備受爭(zhēng)議”沒(méi)有依據(jù)。文中只是對(duì)《老友記》中可能出現(xiàn)的互動(dòng)廣告作一個(gè)假想，但十多年過(guò)后的今天仍未能夠取得大的進(jìn)展，因此 C 項(xiàng)“當(dāng)與情境喜劇相結(jié)合，互動(dòng)電視廣告取得成功”與原文不符。
47 [C]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的 Cablevision, the public's response 定位至第 2 段第 1 句。
【解析】本題詢問(wèn)民眾對(duì)于美國(guó)有線電視公司籌劃的互動(dòng)電視廣告項(xiàng)目作何反應(yīng)。根據(jù)第 2 段第 1 句，當(dāng)有線電視網(wǎng)(Cablevision)和美國(guó)有線電視公司宣布將在 10 月 6 日向所有的觀眾推出互動(dòng)廣告，隨之引起人們的質(zhì)疑。C 項(xiàng)中的 doubtful 是原文 skepticism 的同義替換，故 C 項(xiàng)“有些疑慮”正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A 項(xiàng)“相當(dāng)肯定”、B 項(xiàng)“完全冷漠”和 D 項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)”與原文的 skepticism 意思不符，故均予以排除。
48 [C]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的 the wide use of digital video recorders 定位至第 3 段第 3 句。
【解析】本題詢問(wèn)數(shù)字視頻錄像機(jī)的廣泛使用對(duì)電視廣告有什么影響。根據(jù)第 3 段第 3、4 句，數(shù)字視頻錄像機(jī)的普及使得廣告商們擔(dān)心他們的廣告會(huì)被跳過(guò)不看，C 項(xiàng)“它使電視廣告處于極大的劣勢(shì)”是正確答案。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A 項(xiàng)“它使電視廣告易于接近觀眾”和 D 項(xiàng)“它使觀眾很容易就能找到特價(jià)商品”文中并未提及。第 3 段第 4 句提到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)廣告的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一就是可以測(cè)量點(diǎn)擊率，所以 B 項(xiàng)“它幫助廣告商測(cè)量點(diǎn)擊率”屬于張冠李戴。
49 [B]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的 Unilever's interactive campaign 定位至第 4 段第 2 句。
【解析】本題詢問(wèn)我們從聯(lián)合利華的互動(dòng)活動(dòng)中可以得知什么。第 4 段第 1 句提到，從理論上來(lái)說(shuō)，互動(dòng)廣告有著能吸引觀眾注意力這一優(yōu)點(diǎn)，接著在第 2 句舉了聯(lián)合利華為例子來(lái)證明互動(dòng)廣告是如何成功吸引觀眾的。因此 B 項(xiàng)“它成功吸引了觀眾的注意力”是正確答案。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】聯(lián)合利華推出的是互動(dòng)電視廣告，所以 A 項(xiàng)“它證明了電視廣告的優(yōu)點(diǎn)”中的 TV advertising 不準(zhǔn)確; C 項(xiàng)“它幫助公司招商引資”中的 investments in the company 在文中沒(méi)有提及;第 3 段首句雖然有提及電視廣告業(yè)可能會(huì)繁榮，但文中舉聯(lián)合利華的例子僅證明互動(dòng)電視廣告成功吸引觀眾注意力這個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)，至于是否使整個(gè)電視廣告業(yè)繁榮無(wú)從得知，因此 D 項(xiàng)“它繁榮了電視廣告業(yè)”屬過(guò)度推斷。
50 [A]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的 high click-through rates 定位至最后一段第 2 句。
【解析】本題詢問(wèn)作者如何看待到目前為止的高點(diǎn)擊率。作者在文章最后一段指出了自己對(duì)互動(dòng)電視廣告前景的擔(dān)憂，并提出：可能是因?yàn)橛^眾出于新奇的緣故導(dǎo)致高點(diǎn)擊率。A 項(xiàng)中 the novel way 是原文中 the novelty 的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,因此 A 項(xiàng)“可能是因?yàn)閺V告的新奇方式”正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】作者對(duì)目前為止互動(dòng)電視廣告的高點(diǎn)擊率持有懷疑態(tài)度，B 項(xiàng)“預(yù)示著互動(dòng)廣告將流行起來(lái)”與作者表達(dá)的意思不相符。雖然作者提出了互動(dòng)電視廣告高點(diǎn)擊率可能是因?yàn)橛^眾出于新奇的緣故，但是能不能一直持續(xù)高點(diǎn)擊率作者仍是持懷疑態(tài)度，因此 C 項(xiàng)“表明電視觀眾不斷增長(zhǎng)的好奇心”不符合原文意思。D 項(xiàng)“暗示媒體改革的未來(lái)方向”在文中并未提及。
51 [B]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的 cause 和 mass unemployment in America 定位至第 2 段第 3 句。
【解析】本題詢問(wèn)作者認(rèn)為美國(guó)大規(guī)模失業(yè)的根本原因是什么。第 2 段首先否定了第 1 段末所述的“結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)”的說(shuō)法，然后第 3 句指出，所有的事實(shí)表明，美國(guó)的高失業(yè)率其實(shí)是需求不足造成的，進(jìn)而分析了“結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)”說(shuō)法的愚蠢性。B 項(xiàng)中 insufficient 是原文 inadequate 的同義替換,所以選 B 項(xiàng)“需求不足”。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】文章著眼于國(guó)家政策這個(gè)大格局來(lái)分析美國(guó)大規(guī)模失業(yè)的問(wèn)題。A 項(xiàng)“公司管理不善”和 C 項(xiàng)“技術(shù)進(jìn)步”并沒(méi)有提及;D 項(xiàng)“工人適應(yīng)緩慢”是專家們的說(shuō)辭，并不是作者的觀點(diǎn)。
52 [D]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的 experts' claim, the author 可查找到第 2、3 段。
【解析】本題詢問(wèn)作者如何看待專家們關(guān)于失業(yè)的論斷。在第 2 段第 1、2 句作者規(guī)勸讀者不要費(fèi)力去尋求證據(jù)來(lái)證明這種黯淡的觀點(diǎn)的合理性，因?yàn)楦緵](méi)有證據(jù)。繼而，在第 3 段給出一些例證，并得出結(jié)論，該證據(jù)有力地反駁了“我們主要遭受結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)”的措辭。由此，可選定 D 項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有根據(jù)的”。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】作者對(duì)專家們的“結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)”論斷持否定態(tài)度，A 項(xiàng)“不言而喻的”和 B 項(xiàng)“發(fā)人深省的”與作者觀點(diǎn)相悖;作者試圖用證據(jù)表明專家們的論斷沒(méi)有根據(jù)，但沒(méi)有提及理性問(wèn)題，因此可排除 C 項(xiàng)“不理性的”。
[A]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的 the Great Depression 定位至第 5 段。
【解析】本題詢問(wèn)作者認(rèn)為是什么幫助解決了經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條時(shí)期大規(guī)模失業(yè)問(wèn)題。根據(jù)第 5 段最后一句，一個(gè)龐大的國(guó)防計(jì)劃最終促成了一個(gè)財(cái)政刺激方案，其足以滿足經(jīng)濟(jì)需求，很快各行業(yè)就急切雇傭了那些“適應(yīng)能力差、沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)培訓(xùn)”的工人們。簡(jiǎn)言之，龐大的國(guó)防計(jì)劃刺激了經(jīng)濟(jì)，帶動(dòng)了就業(yè)。所以 A 項(xiàng)“蓬勃的國(guó)防工業(yè)”是正確答案。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B 項(xiàng)“那些聰明人的福利待遇”和 C 項(xiàng)“全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)的工人培訓(xùn)”只是利用文中個(gè)別詞匯 wise heads, untrained workers 等拼湊而成;D 項(xiàng)“行業(yè)的徹底重組”在文中找不到任何依據(jù)。
54 [A]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的 claim, huge structural problems 和 multiply 定位至倒數(shù)第 2 段第 2 句。
【解析】本題詢問(wèn)是什么導(dǎo)致了“巨大的結(jié)構(gòu)性問(wèn)題”論斷的盛行。倒數(shù)第 2 段第 1 句指出：權(quán)勢(shì)者在思想上反對(duì)政府采取足夠規(guī)模的行動(dòng)來(lái)刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)，這就從根本上解釋了為什么“我們面臨嚴(yán)重的結(jié)構(gòu)性問(wèn)題”的說(shuō)法如此盛行。A 項(xiàng)中 stimulus 對(duì)應(yīng)原文的 jump-start,故選 A 項(xiàng)“政府刺激經(jīng)杯的努力遭到強(qiáng)有力的反對(duì)”。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】文中提到大規(guī)模失業(yè)嚴(yán)重削弱了我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)，B 項(xiàng)“‘非常嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)娜藗?rsquo;企圖削弱經(jīng)濟(jì)”利用文中個(gè)別詞匯 Very Serious People 張冠李戴。C 項(xiàng)“各行業(yè)眾多部門(mén)收集到的證據(jù)”利用 evidence 一詞拼湊而成。D 項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們沒(méi)能及時(shí)察覺(jué)出問(wèn)題”在文中并未提及。
55 [C]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的 author's purpose 可查找至最后一段。
【解析】本題詢問(wèn)作者寫(xiě)這篇文章用意何在。文章最后一段作者呼吁讀者不要相信那些所謂“專家們”的說(shuō)辭，它們根本沒(méi)有依據(jù)可言。進(jìn)而其譴責(zé)政府的不作為，“我們?nèi)鄙俚牟⒉皇潜匾募寄�，而是政府的政策決心。”作者的根本目的是吁請(qǐng)政府采取實(shí)際行動(dòng)來(lái)解決目前的問(wèn)題。C 項(xiàng)中 urgent need 對(duì)應(yīng)原文的 desperately needed,因此 C 項(xiàng)“表達(dá)需要政府采取行動(dòng)的迫切性”正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A 項(xiàng)“證明專家們對(duì)美國(guó)問(wèn)題的分析”錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)樽髡卟徽J(rèn)同專家們的看法。文中作者并沒(méi)有對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)提出一個(gè)明確的解決方案，只是呼吁政府應(yīng)該采取行動(dòng)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，所以 B 項(xiàng)“對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)提供一個(gè)可行性解決方案”在文中找不到依據(jù)。D 項(xiàng)“警告美國(guó)工人適應(yīng)崗位的緊迫性”利用文中個(gè)別詞匯 workers、desperately needed、unadaptable 來(lái)設(shè)置干擾。
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