中國(guó)駐英國(guó)大使劉曉明伊頓公學(xué)演講稿「中英版」

中國(guó)駐英國(guó)大使劉曉明伊頓公學(xué)演講稿「中英版」

　　這篇演講稿名為“中國(guó)：一個(gè)古老而常青的國(guó)家”。是中國(guó)駐英國(guó)大使劉曉明于2012年10月17日在英國(guó)伊頓公學(xué)發(fā)表的演講。大家可以試著翻譯一下，后面附有中文翻譯。

　　China: Ever Old, Ever Young

　　Speech by H.E. Ambassador Liu Xiaoming at Eton College

　　Election Hall, Eton College, 17 October 2012

　　Headmaster Anthony Little,

　　Teachers and students,

　　It is a real pleasure for me and my wife Pinghua to visit Eton College. Thank you for the warm welcome. I also want to thank Secretary of the Frontier Society Fred Kim for the kind introduction.

　　You have come to Eton College to learn. I hope I may also encourage you that, in such a fast changing world, the habit of learning will be a life-time occupation. Certainly that is my experience! Recently I have learned two English words. One is Oxonian. I just visited Oxford University last week and gave a speech at the Oxford Union. In my speech I mentioned several Oxonians who made huge contributions to China-UK relations. Today at Eton I have learned another word—Etonian.Many Old Etonians have made a profound impact on the world. The most recent is Sir John Gurton who shared this year’s Nobel Prize in medicine. I warmly congratulate him especially as he overcame the burden of former Eton Headmaster’s comment that he was “too stupid for biology”!

　　Eton and Oxford have a lot in common:

　　· They both have a history of hundreds of years.

　　· They are both located by river Thames.

　　· They were both chosen to be the settings for the film Harry Potter.

　　· And they have both produced a wealth of talents.

　　I wonder whether you have a word ‘Oxtonian’ for those attending both Eton and Oxford! Eton plus Oxford is an optimal combination of education. This combination is distinctively British. Together they have cultivated a galaxy of great people. Thirteen Prime Ministers have come from Eton and Oxford, including the incumbent one. As a traditional description explains, Eton is truly the “the chief nurse of England’s statesmen.”James Bond is in the news again with his latest movie called ‘Skyfall’. You may be interested to know his films are very popular in China! A less known story is James Bond also went to Eton and Oxford. I gather that the story goes that he was expelled by Eton for his talent in trouble making!

　　Many of you are members of the Frontier Society. The word frontier reminds me of the United States where I was posted twice. In the US history ‘frontier’ was a term with special meaning. It referred to the ‘wild west’ that was developed by the US in the second half of the 19th century. In the 1960s President Kennedy made an initiative to explore the ‘New Frontier’, which meant space. I have been told that the word ‘frontier’ in the name of your society has taken on a new post-modernist meaning—emerging economies or powers that will assume major influences in the future. These include China. In today’s audience there are also members from the Oriental Society and Keynes Society. Obviously a common subject that interests all the three societies is China.

　　So my topic today is China, a country that is ever old, ever young.

　　China has a long history. Among the world’s four great ancient civilizations China is the only one that has continued to these days without any break. I was Chinese ambassador to Egypt. Egypt is also a very old civilization. Its recorded history started even earlier than that of China. But due to many years of foreign occupation and rule the Egyptian civilization died out. The writing system currently used in Egypt is entirely different from the hieroglyph in ancient Egypt. Luckily in early 19th century archeologists deciphered ancient Egyptian characters that had been lost for 1400 years. This was done with the help of the Rosetta Stone which is now kept in the British Museum. China also suffered foreign invasion and aggression. However unlike other civilisations Chinese culture and civilisation has had the strength and resilience to survive. As I will explain it has survived well.

　　China was the biggest economy in the world for almost all of the past 2000 years. Data from The Economist also points to China having about a third of global GDP for most of that period. So it should not surprise that products from China were in high demand. For centuries China’s silk, porcelain and tea were the most sought-after products around the world. In those times ‘Made in China’ was synonymous with the most expensive luxury goods. Apart from its vast economy and wealth, China fostered a highly developed and sophisticated culture. Two major native Chinese philosophies were Confucianism and Taoism. They encouraged pursuit of success and stressed a sense of mission. At the same time they aimed at harmony between man and nature.

　　The four major inventions by China—paper making, compass, gun powder and movable printing—contributed greatly to world civilization and human progress. This was partly recognised by Sir Francis Bacon. He wrote that: “Printing, gunpowder and the compass: These three have changed the whole face and state of things throughout the world; the first in literature, the second in warfare, the third in navigation.” The monumental impact on world civilization and progress of humanity by Chinese inventions was fully recognized by a British scholar in the past century. Ancient Chinese civilization was so rich and advanced that it took that famous scholar from Cambridge University, Joseph Needham, 50 years to create almost 30 volumes called 'Science and Civilization in China.'

　　China fell behind in modern times. The industrialisation that started in Britain changed the world. The traditional agricultural civilisation of China struggled to find its place in the rapidly industrialised world. In addition, in the 20th century, China was caught between the millstones of foreign invaders and civil war. The poverty, suffering and humiliation that Chinese people suffered is indescribable. Even after the founding the People’s Republic in 1949, China also made some mistakes in its development cause. People in hard times were inspired by one line of poem: “If winter comes, can Spring far behind?” The author of this poem was an Old Etonian—Shelley.

　　China finally ushered in the spring in the late 1970s when it embarked on reform and opening up. In the more than 30 years that followed, the Chinese economy has grown at an annual rate of 10%. No country in human history has industrialised so fast and on such a scale. In addition, more than 600 million people were lifted out of poverty. Today, China ranks number two in world economy and is the world’s second largest trading nation. Since the financial crisis hit the world five years ago China has become the powerhouse and ballast of global economic growth. Besides economic prosperity, China has made across the board progress in cultural, political and social fields. Last week Chinese writer Mo Yan was awarded Nobel Prize in Literature. This is the first time that a Chinese writer has had this honour.

　　Now the whole world is watching China. China makes headlines in British newspapers and TV media. Walking into any Waterstone bookshop, you will find a full shelf on China. So, how to get a clear picture of today’s China when there is a flood of information and so many perspectives? I would like to offer you three observations.

　　First, China is following a development path suitable to its national realities. So, how should a large country with 1.3 billion people achieve its development goals?

　　· There is no precedent in history.

　　· There is no ready answer in the textbook.

　　· Copying others won’t work.

　　· Wishful thinking in isolation of the world is a dead end.

　　So, the Chinese people have based their efforts on China’s national conditions while drawing on useful experience of other countries. It has been a process of exploration, experiment, reform and innovation. With hard efforts China has succeeded in finding the right path. This path has the following features:

　　· It focuses on economic development.

　　· It puts people first.

　　· It promotes comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development.

　　· It upholds social equity and justice and protects people’s democratic rights.

　　The political institutional guarantee of this development path is built on:

　　· the system of the people’s congress

　　· and the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party.

　　The economic institutional guarantee for this development path is a multi-ownership economy. Public ownership is the mainstay of the economy. At the same time, it allows development of private ownership and foreign investment side by side. This development path has similarities with other countries. It also has characteristics only found in China.

　　My second observation to get a clear focus is that China is still a developing country:

　　· China is a large economy in total size.

　　· But per capita GDP of China was only 5432 US dollars last year. According to IMF statistics, this figure was only one seventh of that of Britain.

　　· That ranks China at 89th place in the world.

　　· In China 128 million people still live in poverty.

　　That means 128 million Chinese live on one dollar per day. If measured against the UN criteria of poverty of living on 1.25 dollars per day, then the Chinese poor population will be even higher. Let me draw on my own experience to give a sense of this poverty. I once worked in one of China’s poorest western provinces—Gansu as Assistant Governor. I visited more than 60 of its 86 counties. Here I felt very strongly the wide gap between China’s west region and its eastern coastal areas. This is the divide between rural and urban areas. In some villages of Gansu even clean water was difficult to access. These people have a long way to go before they get out of poverty.

　　My third observation to help you focus is that China is committed to peaceful development:

　　· Today’s China pursues an independent foreign policy of peace. The goal of Chinese foreign policy is to maintain world peace and promote common development.

　　· China embraces a new security concept that stresses mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and cooperation.

　　· China pro-actively fulfills its international responsibility.

　　· It insists on good neighborliness and regional cooperation.

　　· It calls on all other countries to work together for a harmonious world of lasting peace and common prosperity.

　　· China will never seek expansion or hegemony.

　　· The theory that “a strong country must seek hegemony” will never apply to China.

　　China is committed to peaceful settlement of international disputes and crisis issues. As evidence of this, China has sent a total of more than 20 thousand people of various types to 30 UN peacekeeping missions. This makes China the permanent member of the UN Security Council that has sent abroad the largest number of peacekeeping personnel. China has resolved boundary issues with its 12 neighboring countries on land. China believes disputes over territory and maritime rights with neighboring countries should be resolved through peaceful negotiations. China will do its best to maintain peace and stability in South China Sea, East China Sea and its surrounding areas.

　　Recently Japan has announced its so-called “nationalisation” of Chinese territory Diaoyu Dao. This move has grossly violated China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. It has sparked firm opposition and strong protest from the Chinese people. We urge Japan to immediately stop all its actions that violate China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity and return to the track of resolving disputes through peaceful negotiations.

　　It is over two years since I arrived in the UK as Chinese Ambassador. Since my arrival, I have often read in Western media worries about China’s future - sometimes even prophecies about China’s doom. The reality is that we Chinese people are confident about our own country. This is backed up even by an American research company. The Pew Research Centre’s survey last July showed that 83% of Chinese people were optimistic about Chinese economy. While in the US and UK, the figures were only 31% and 15% respectively. As a Chinese diplomat I have every confidence in China’s future! So, what are the foundations of my confidence?

　　First, the Chinese economy has great potential and a strong drive. Last year urbanisation rate in China for the first time passed 50%. Britain already reached this level in 1851. The average urbanisation rate in developed countries now stands at around 80%. Urbanisation in China will continue for several more decades. This will create immense demand in housing and infrastructure. As I said earlier, China’s development is not balanced between different regions. The regional balancing process will boost investment and domestic demand and provide a bigger marketplace. China’s consumption mix is upgrading from living necessities like food and clothing to houses, cars and education. China’s strength in its large labour force will continue for a long period. With more government input in education, China’s human capital will be strengthened. This will bring new population dividends.

　　The second reason for my confidence is that China’s development will be more comprehensive and inclusive. Chinese people will be better off in these ways:

　　· China will continue to advance democracy and rule of law.

　　· China will uphold social equity and justice.

　　· China will realise human freedom and the all-round development of Chinese people.

　　· China will ensure and improve people’s welfare so that all Chinese people will benefit more from development.

　　· China will build a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society.

　　· China will focus on sustainable development.

　　We will try to catch up with developed countries’ per capita GDP figures. But, most important, China must not overtake developed countries in energy intensity and green house gas emissions.

　　My third point about my confidence is that China will play an even more active role in world affairs:

　　· China needs a peaceful environment for its development.

　　· It will also safeguard world peace and promote common development with its own development.

　　· China will actively participate in international system and global affairs and play a constructive role in it.

　　· China will adhere to its win-win opening-up strategy.

　　· This will be done by expanding imports, increase outbound investment and creating more jobs.

　　In turn, China’s actions will create wealth for all other countries and promote world economic growth.

　　The development path that China has followed for more than three decades has profoundly changed China. We have every reason to believe that staying on this path will lead China to a brighter and better future.

　　Teachers and Students,

　　I have been to dozens of British universities and many middle and primary schools. Every time I visit a school I want to know about language teaching. In particular whether Chinese is being taught. The reason is that I always believe that understanding China starts from learning its language. Language is one of the essentials that form the culture and character of a country and a nation. Mastery of a foreign language gives you a key to open another world. So, learning Chinese will help you understand China, its rich culture and fast development. You will also make many friends amongst its hard-working and ingenious people. Mastery of Chinese will make you proud because you will be able to speak not only the most widely used language – English - but also the language used by the largest population—Chinese.

　　I am glad to learn that Eton was one of the earliest British schools to open Chinese language course and include it into the A Level curriculum. I have also learned how this has motivated Eton to organise visits to China. These study tours in China and Chinese Summer School are bound to boost students’ interest in learning Chinese. I hope a Confucius Institute will open in your college in the not-too-distant future. This will open up another channel to learn Chinese and understand China.

　　To help you learn Chinese language and understand China, I have brought you some books and discs on Chinese literature, art and folk customs. Some of them are in English. Some are bilingual. I hope you will find them interesting.

　　Teachers and Students,

　　China and Britain are both great countries. We both made great contribution to human civilization. In this new era, China and Britain should join hands to promote common development. Through our collaboration we can make even greater contribution to world peace and prosperity. One famous old Etonian was the Duke of Wellington. I believe I will quote him correctly when he said: “The Battle of Waterloo was won on the playing fields of Eton.” Maybe the future of China-UK relations to a large extent also lies here at Eton. The pattern of history suggests that you will be the major participants and builders of future China-UK relations. Today, I hope my speech would inspire you to reach out and work with the young generation of China. Together you can build a bright future of China-UK relations. That is the path to create a peaceful, sustainable and harmonious world.

　　Thank you!

　　中國(guó)：一個(gè)古老而常青的國(guó)家

　　中國(guó)駐英國(guó)大使劉曉明在英國(guó)伊頓公學(xué)的演講

　　2012年10月17日，英國(guó)伊頓公學(xué)

　　尊敬的托尼·里特爾校長(zhǎng)，

　　老師們、同學(xué)們：

　　我和夫人胡*華非常高興訪問伊頓公學(xué)。感謝伊頓公學(xué)“前沿社”(The Frontier Society)社長(zhǎng)Fred Kim剛才熱情的介紹。

　　你們來(lái)到伊頓求學(xué)，風(fēng)華正茂，令人羨慕。在今天這個(gè)迅速發(fā)展的時(shí)代，我個(gè)人的體會(huì)是，學(xué)習(xí)是終生的。最近我就學(xué)習(xí)了兩個(gè)英文單詞，一個(gè)是Oxonian(牛津校友)，因?yàn)榫驮谏现埽�我剛訪問了牛津大學(xué)，在牛津?qū)W聯(lián)發(fā)表了一個(gè)演講，在演講中提到了不少曾為中英關(guān)系發(fā)展作出貢獻(xiàn)的牛津校友。今天，我來(lái)到了伊頓，又學(xué)習(xí)了一個(gè)新詞：Etonian(伊頓校友)。我要祝賀伊頓校友(Old Etonian)約翰·格登榮獲今年的諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，盡管他在校時(shí)曾被時(shí)任校長(zhǎng)評(píng)價(jià)為“生物學(xué)得糟糕透頂”(too stupid for biology)。

　　伊頓和牛津，同樣具有數(shù)百年歷史，同樣坐落在泰晤士河畔，同樣是《哈利·波特》的拍攝地，同樣是英才輩出，我不知道英語(yǔ)中是否有這么一個(gè)詞：Oxtonian,用來(lái)指先后就讀于伊頓和牛津的學(xué)子。因?yàn)椋�“伊頓+牛津”，這是一個(gè)最富英國(guó)特色的黃金教育組合，培養(yǎng)了許多杰出人才。一個(gè)最為人津津樂道的例子是，伊頓和牛津共同造就了13位英國(guó)首相，包括現(xiàn)任首相，名副其實(shí)地成為英國(guó)政治家的搖籃("the chief nurse of England's statesmen")。還有一個(gè)不為人知的例子是，詹姆斯·邦德(007)據(jù)說(shuō)也是伊頓和牛津校友，不過(guò)聽說(shuō)他因?yàn)槿橇寺闊�，伊頓開除了他。

　　今天在座的不少是伊頓公學(xué)“前沿社”的成員。剛開始看到“前沿”這個(gè)詞，讓我一下子想到了我曾經(jīng)兩次工作過(guò)的美國(guó)。在美國(guó)歷史上，F(xiàn)rontier有著特殊含義，指19世紀(jì)后半期美國(guó)開發(fā)的西部邊疆。在20世紀(jì)60年代，美國(guó)總統(tǒng)肯尼迪又提出了開發(fā)“新邊疆”(New Frontier)，也就是探索太空。當(dāng)然，你們社名中的Frontier被賦予了新的后現(xiàn)代含義——新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體或在未來(lái)有重要影響的世界大國(guó)，這其中包括中國(guó)。今天，也有一些來(lái)自“東方社”和“凱恩斯社”的成員，你們?nèi)齻�(gè)社團(tuán)共同感興趣的話題無(wú)疑是中國(guó)。

　　今天，我演講的主題就是中國(guó)，一個(gè)古老而常青的國(guó)家。

　　中國(guó)歷史悠久，有一句話最能說(shuō)出中國(guó)歷史的特點(diǎn)：中國(guó)在世界四大文明古國(guó)中，其文明唯一未曾間斷、延續(xù)至今。我曾經(jīng)擔(dān)任中國(guó)駐埃及大使，埃及同樣是一個(gè)文明古國(guó)，有文字記載的歷史比中國(guó)還要早，但是古埃及文明由于外敵的持續(xù)入侵而湮沒了。今天埃及使用的文字與古埃及象形文字已經(jīng)完全不是一個(gè)體系，19世紀(jì)初，人們幸運(yùn)地借助現(xiàn)存于大英博物館的羅塞塔碑，才解開了失傳1400年古埃及文字的謎團(tuán)。而中國(guó)雖也曾遭受外族入侵，但中華文明因其強(qiáng)大的生命力和包容性得以傳承，并不斷發(fā)展。

　　古代中國(guó)取得了非凡成就，曾經(jīng)鼎盛輝煌。在過(guò)去的二千年里大多數(shù)時(shí)間中國(guó)是世界上最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)體。英國(guó)《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家》雜志的數(shù)據(jù)表明中國(guó)的GDP曾占全球總量的三分之一左右。中國(guó)的絲綢、瓷器和茶葉曾是世界上最暢銷的產(chǎn)品，那時(shí)“Made in China”代表著豪華、昂貴，屬于“奢侈品”。中國(guó)人形成了博大精深的哲學(xué)思想和治世之道——儒家和道家，既富有進(jìn)取心和使命感，又崇尚人與自然和諧共處。

　　中國(guó)創(chuàng)造的四大發(fā)明：造紙術(shù)、指南針、火藥和活字印刷術(shù)，對(duì)世界文明和人類進(jìn)步產(chǎn)生了重大影響。弗朗西斯·培根曾經(jīng)寫道：“印刷術(shù)、火藥和指南針分別改變了文學(xué)、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和航海，進(jìn)而徹底改變了整個(gè)世界�！眲�橋大學(xué)學(xué)者李約瑟博士為此悉心研究整理，花費(fèi)近50年時(shí)間編寫出煌煌巨著《中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)史》。

　　但是，近代中國(guó)落后了。18世紀(jì)產(chǎn)生于英國(guó)的工業(yè)革命改變了世界，中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)文明迅速被時(shí)代甩在了后面。中國(guó)經(jīng)歷了一百多年的內(nèi)憂外患，甚至一度處于民族危亡的關(guān)頭。新中國(guó)成立后，中國(guó)在建設(shè)發(fā)展過(guò)程中也走過(guò)了一些彎路。逆境中的人們都熟悉這樣一句詩(shī)：“如果冬天來(lái)了，春天會(huì)還遠(yuǎn)嗎?”這句詩(shī)的作者就是一位伊頓校友——英國(guó)詩(shī)人雪萊。

　　到了上世紀(jì)70年代末，中國(guó)終于迎來(lái)了改革開放的春天，開始了民族復(fù)興。中國(guó)連續(xù)30年保持了年均10%的增速，使6億多人擺脫貧困，創(chuàng)造了世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的奇跡。今天的中國(guó)，已成為全球第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體和第二大貿(mào)易體，是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和穩(wěn)定器。中國(guó)不僅經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展了，同時(shí)文化、政治、社會(huì)等各領(lǐng)域取得了全面進(jìn)步。就在上周，中國(guó)作家莫言獲得了諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，這是中國(guó)籍作家首次獲此殊榮。

　　對(duì)當(dāng)代中國(guó)，世界非常關(guān)注。英國(guó)的報(bào)紙、電視新聞里，幾乎每天都有關(guān)于中國(guó)的報(bào)道。走進(jìn)英國(guó)最大的連鎖書店WATERSTONE，書架上關(guān)于中國(guó)的書籍也是琳瑯滿目。面對(duì)海量信息和各種解讀，如何清晰認(rèn)識(shí)當(dāng)代中國(guó)。我認(rèn)為，可以從三點(diǎn)去把握：

　　一是中國(guó)正在走一條適合中國(guó)國(guó)情的發(fā)展道路。一個(gè)十三億人口的大國(guó)，該如何謀發(fā)展，歷史上沒有先例，教科書上沒有答案，照搬國(guó)外不行，閉門造車也不行。中國(guó)人牢牢把握自己的國(guó)情，借鑒吸取世界各國(guó)有益經(jīng)驗(yàn)，不斷摸索實(shí)踐和改革創(chuàng)新，獲得了成功。這條發(fā)展道路的特點(diǎn)是以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心，以人為本，全面協(xié)調(diào)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展，同時(shí)堅(jiān)持社會(huì)公平正義，保障人民的民主權(quán)利。這條發(fā)展道路政治制度保障是人民代表大會(huì)制度及中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商制度，經(jīng)濟(jì)制度保障是以公有制為主體、多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展，包括私營(yíng)經(jīng)濟(jì)、個(gè)體經(jīng)濟(jì)和外資經(jīng)濟(jì)。這既與世界各國(guó)有共同點(diǎn)，又有著鮮明中國(guó)特色。

　　二是中國(guó)仍然是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)總量很大，但人均GDP去年僅5432美元，根據(jù)IMF的排名，居世界第89位，僅為英國(guó)人均的1/7。中國(guó)的貧困人口仍有1.28億(中國(guó)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相當(dāng)于每人每天1美元)，若按聯(lián)合國(guó)制定的每人每天1.25美元的新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，則這個(gè)數(shù)字還要大。中國(guó)單位GDP的能耗是國(guó)際水平的3至4倍，是英國(guó)的8倍。我曾經(jīng)在中國(guó)最貧窮的西部省份之一甘肅省工作過(guò)，走訪了甘肅86個(gè)縣區(qū)市中的60多個(gè)，深刻體會(huì)到中國(guó)西部地區(qū)與東部沿海省份相比、農(nóng)村與城市相比還有很大差距。在甘肅農(nóng)村一些地區(qū)，基本生活用水都存在困難，脫貧還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。

　　三是中國(guó)致力于和平發(fā)展。今天的中國(guó)，堅(jiān)持獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策，將維護(hù)世界和平、促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展作為中國(guó)外交政策的宗旨。中國(guó)倡導(dǎo)互信、互利、平等、協(xié)作的新安全觀，秉持積極有為的國(guó)際責(zé)任觀，奉行睦鄰友好的地區(qū)合作觀，主張世界各國(guó)一道建立持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。中國(guó)絕不搞侵略擴(kuò)張，永遠(yuǎn)不爭(zhēng)霸、不稱霸，絕不走歷史上“國(guó)強(qiáng)必霸”的老路。中國(guó)致力于和平解決國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端和熱點(diǎn)問題。中國(guó)累計(jì)向聯(lián)合國(guó)30項(xiàng)維和行動(dòng)派出各類人員約2萬(wàn)多人次，是派出維和人員最多的聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)常任理事國(guó)。中國(guó)同12個(gè)陸地鄰國(guó)解決了歷史遺留的邊界問題，主張通過(guò)和平談判處理同鄰國(guó)領(lǐng)土和海洋權(quán)益爭(zhēng)端，盡最大努力維護(hù)南海、東海及周邊和平穩(wěn)定。

　　最近，日本宣布對(duì)中國(guó)的領(lǐng)土釣魚山實(shí)施“國(guó)有化”，這是對(duì)中國(guó)領(lǐng)土主權(quán)的嚴(yán)重侵犯，引起中國(guó)人民的堅(jiān)決反對(duì)和強(qiáng)烈抗議。我們敦促日本立即停止一切損害中國(guó)領(lǐng)土主權(quán)的行為，回到和平談判解決爭(zhēng)議的軌道上來(lái)。

　　我在英國(guó)工作兩年多，經(jīng)�？吹轿鞣矫襟w上對(duì)中國(guó)未來(lái)的各種“擔(dān)心”，甚至“唱衰”。而事實(shí)上，中國(guó)民眾對(duì)自己的國(guó)家抱有信心。根據(jù)美國(guó)著名民調(diào)機(jī)構(gòu)皮尤研究中心今年7月公布的調(diào)查報(bào)告，83%的中國(guó)民眾對(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)感到樂觀，而在美國(guó)和英國(guó)，認(rèn)為本國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)良好的只有31%和15%。作為一個(gè)中國(guó)外交官，我對(duì)中國(guó)未來(lái)發(fā)展更充滿信心。

　　首先，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展?jié)摿�巨大，�?dòng)力充沛。中國(guó)去年城鎮(zhèn)化率歷史上首次超過(guò)了50%，而英國(guó)在1851年就達(dá)到了這一水平，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家目前的城鎮(zhèn)化率普遍在80%左右。中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展還將持續(xù)幾十年，將創(chuàng)造出巨大的城市住宅、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的需求。中國(guó)地區(qū)發(fā)展不平衡，而今后的平衡進(jìn)程可以有效帶動(dòng)投資和內(nèi)需的增長(zhǎng)，提供更大的市場(chǎng)規(guī)模。中國(guó)的整體消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)正從吃、穿等生存性消費(fèi)向住、行、教育等發(fā)展型消費(fèi)升級(jí)，提振空間很大。中國(guó)勞動(dòng)力總量巨大的優(yōu)勢(shì)還會(huì)持續(xù)一段時(shí)間，并且隨著政府加大教育投入，人力資本提升空間很大，這將形成新的“人口紅利”。

　　第二，中國(guó)的發(fā)展將更加全面和諧，人民將更加幸福。中國(guó)將繼續(xù)致力于民主法治建設(shè)，維護(hù)社會(huì)公平正義，實(shí)現(xiàn)人的自由和全面發(fā)展。中國(guó)將更好地保障和改善民生，使發(fā)展成果更好地惠及全體人民。中國(guó)將努力建設(shè)資源節(jié)約型、環(huán)境友好型社會(huì)，走可持續(xù)發(fā)展之路。中國(guó)人均GDP要向發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家看齊，但人均能源消費(fèi)、溫室氣體排放強(qiáng)度絕不能趕超發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。

　　第三，中國(guó)將在世界上發(fā)揮更加積極的作用。中國(guó)需要爭(zhēng)取和平的環(huán)境來(lái)發(fā)展自己，也會(huì)以自身的發(fā)展來(lái)維護(hù)世界和平，促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展。中國(guó)將積極參與國(guó)際體系和國(guó)際事務(wù)，努力發(fā)揮建設(shè)性促進(jìn)作用。中國(guó)將繼續(xù)奉行互利共贏的開放戰(zhàn)略，積極擴(kuò)大進(jìn)口，增加對(duì)外投資，為各國(guó)創(chuàng)造更多的就業(yè)和財(cái)富，促進(jìn)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。

　　中國(guó)過(guò)去三十多年的發(fā)展道路深刻改變了中國(guó)，沿著這條道路走下去，我們完全有理由相信，中國(guó)的未來(lái)只會(huì)更加光明，更加美好!

　　老師們、同學(xué)們，

　　我曾經(jīng)去過(guò)英國(guó)幾十所大學(xué)，也去過(guò)多所中、小學(xué)。每當(dāng)我訪問一所學(xué)校，我都很想知道這個(gè)學(xué)校是否教授中文。因?yàn)�，我一直�?jiān)持這么一種觀點(diǎn)：了解中國(guó)，自中文始。語(yǔ)言是構(gòu)成一個(gè)國(guó)家和民族的基本要素，掌握了一門外語(yǔ)，也就是掌握了開啟另一個(gè)世界的鑰匙。學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)將讓你們了解中國(guó)，了解中國(guó)豐富燦爛的文化、日新月異的發(fā)展和勤勞智慧的人民;學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)將讓你們更加自豪，因?yàn)槟銈儾粌H掌握了世界上使用最廣泛的語(yǔ)言——英語(yǔ)，也學(xué)會(huì)了世界上使用人口最多的語(yǔ)言——漢語(yǔ)。

　　我很高興地獲知伊頓是英國(guó)最早開設(shè)中文課程的中學(xué)之一，將中文課程列入學(xué)校A-Level課程。在此基礎(chǔ)上，伊頓還開設(shè)了“短期中國(guó)游學(xué)”、“中國(guó)學(xué)生伊頓夏令營(yíng)”等項(xiàng)目，增強(qiáng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)中文的興趣。我也期待著孔子課堂早日在貴校開辦，為你們學(xué)習(xí)中文、了解中國(guó)提供新的渠道。

　　為使你們更好地學(xué)習(xí)中文、了解中國(guó)，我此次也特意帶來(lái)了一些關(guān)于中國(guó)文學(xué)藝術(shù)、風(fēng)土人情的書籍和光盤，既有英文的，也有中英文對(duì)照的，希望你們喜歡。

　　老師們、同學(xué)們，

　　中國(guó)和英國(guó)都是偉大的國(guó)家，都曾為人類文明發(fā)展作出重大貢獻(xiàn)。在新的世紀(jì)，中英應(yīng)當(dāng)攜手合作，促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展，同時(shí)為世界的和平與繁榮作出新的更大貢獻(xiàn)。伊頓校友惠靈頓公爵曾有一句名言：“滑鐵盧的勝利，是在伊頓公學(xué)的操場(chǎng)上決定的。”或許，中英關(guān)系的未來(lái)，很大程度上也還在這里，因?yàn)槟銈儗⒊蔀橹杏㈥P(guān)系的參與者、建設(shè)者。我衷心希望你們與中國(guó)的年輕一代共同努力，締造中英關(guān)系的美好未來(lái)。

　　謝謝。

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