2017GRE閱讀精選測(cè)試題與答案
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例題：
Visual recognition involves storing and retrieving memories. Neural activity, triggered by the eye, forms an image in the brain‘s memory system that constitutes an internal representation of the viewed object. When an object is encountered again, it is matched with its internal representation and thereby recognized. Controversy surrounds the question of whether recognition is a parallel, one-step process or a serial, step-by-step one. Psychologists of the Gestalt school maintain that objects are recognized as wholes in a parallel procedure: the internal representation is matched with the retinal image in a single operation. Other psychologists have proposed that internal representation features are matched serially with an object‘s features. Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar. (151 words)
12. The author is primarily concerned with
(A) explaining how the brain receives images
(B) synthesizing hypotheses of visual recognition
(C) examining the evidence supporting the serial-recognition hypothesis
(D) discussing visual recognition and some hypotheses proposed to explain it
(E) reporting on recent experiments dealing with memory systems and their relationship to neural activity
For the following question consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply
13. According to the passage, Gestalt psychologists make which of the following suppositions about visual recognition?
□A A retinal image is in exactly the same forms as its internal representation.
□B An object is recognized as a whole without any need for analysis into component parts.
□C The matching of an object with its internal representation occurs in only one step.
答案：
1
Visual recognition involves storing and retrieving memories.
視覺識(shí)別包括儲(chǔ)存和取回記憶。
2
Neural activity, triggered by the eye, forms an image in the brain‘s memory system that constitutes an internal representation of the viewed object.
眼睛激發(fā)的神經(jīng)活動(dòng)，在大腦的記憶系統(tǒng)中形成一幅圖像，由被觀察對(duì)象在腦內(nèi)呈現(xiàn)的畫面組成。
3
When an object is encountered again, it is matched with its internal representation and thereby recognized.
當(dāng)對(duì)象再次出現(xiàn)在視野，與腦內(nèi)畫面吻合，就會(huì)被辨識(shí)。
4
Controversy surrounds the question of whether recognition is a parallel, one-step process or a serial, step-by-step one.
現(xiàn)在爭(zhēng)論的焦點(diǎn)是，識(shí)別過程到底是并行的，一步完成的`還是串行的，分多步完成的。
5
Psychologists of the Gestalt school maintain that objects are recognized as wholes in a parallel procedure: the internal representation is matched with the retinal image in a single operation.
G學(xué)校的心理學(xué)家堅(jiān)稱，對(duì)象是被作為一個(gè)整體識(shí)別的，過程是并行的：腦內(nèi)圖像與視網(wǎng)膜圖像的匹配，是一步到位的。
6
Other psychologists have proposed that internal representation features are matched serially with an object‘s features.
其他心理學(xué)家則認(rèn)為，腦內(nèi)圖像特征與觀察對(duì)象特征的匹配，是逐步完成的。
7
Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar. (151 words)
即便有些實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示，隨著觀察對(duì)象越來越熟悉，它的腦內(nèi)圖像越來越整體化，而識(shí)別過程也相應(yīng)變得越來越同時(shí)完成，但大量證據(jù)似乎支持串行假設(shè)，至少對(duì)于那些明顯不簡(jiǎn)單不熟悉的對(duì)象是這樣。
(holistic 整體論的(holism)，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體的重要性而不可分割的，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體分析而忽略部分分析的)
12. The author is primarily concerned with
(A) explaining how the brain receives images
(B) synthesizing hypotheses of visual recognition
(C) examining the evidence supporting the serial-recognition hypothesis
(D) discussing visual recognition and some hypotheses proposed to explain it
(E) reporting on recent experiments dealing with memory systems and their relationship to neural activity
選 D
A 大腦如何接受圖像，沒在解釋這個(gè)。
B 的確綜合了兩種假設(shè)，但前面還有其他內(nèi)容，B 項(xiàng)忽略了句 1、2、3。
C 只有句 7 的一部分而已。
D 討論了視覺識(shí)別過程，以及解釋這個(gè)過程的兩種假設(shè)。
E 只是在瞎聊。
For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply
13. According to the passage, Gestalt psychologists make which of the following suppositions about visual recognition?
□A A retinal image is in exactly the same forms as its internal representation.
□B An object is recognized as a whole without any need for analysis into component parts.
□C The matching of an object with its internal representation occurs in only one step.
選 BC
A 無法判斷是否完全一樣，G 校學(xué)者只是認(rèn)為這個(gè)過程是一蹴而就的，完全有理由懷疑 G 學(xué)者們并不排斥，“ image和presentation的一部分吻合就已經(jīng)完成了recognition，仍然是 one step procedure ” 的看法。
B 符合句 5 描述的推測(cè)。
C 符合句 5 描述的推測(cè)。
句 5：
Psychologists of the Gestalt school maintain that objects are recognized as wholes in a parallel procedure: the internal representation is matched with the retinal image in a single operation.
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