雅思判斷題實(shí)用解題技巧
判斷題是雅思考試的常見(jiàn)題型,也是難度很大的題型。在普通培訓(xùn)類(lèi)考試中最多達(dá)22題，在學(xué)術(shù)類(lèi)考試中也不少于6題。目前有逐漸增多的趨勢(shì)。其中True/False/Not Given 多見(jiàn)于General Training Module, Yes/No/Not Given 則多見(jiàn)于Academic Module, 因?yàn)閅es/No/Not Given最初是為學(xué)術(shù)類(lèi)設(shè)計(jì)的。很多考生對(duì)判斷題時(shí)常束手無(wú)策，特別對(duì)False和Not Given易混淆。要攻克判斷題的難關(guān)，我們要分析它的命題規(guī)律，找出考察點(diǎn)，有的放矢，才能提高解題準(zhǔn)確率。
首先，我們來(lái)看一看判斷題的設(shè)題模式。
從設(shè)題模式可以看出雅思考試的考察點(diǎn)基本上可分為兩大類(lèi)：
1）信息點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)，即細(xì)節(jié)的對(duì)應(yīng)和觀點(diǎn)的對(duì)應(yīng)。
例1：It rained heavily everywhere in North China.
Q: It rained in Beijing.
例2. Many people believe that the IELTS candidates must attend an IELTS training course before sitting the test.
Q: The author believes that the IELTS candidates should attend an IELTS training course before sitting the test.
2）簡(jiǎn)單的推理、總結(jié)和歸納能力；基本語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和常識(shí)。
雅思考試從命題角度不像TOEFL和GRE那樣將不同的考察點(diǎn)置于專(zhuān)門(mén)題型中，而在一種題型中可能出現(xiàn)幾個(gè)方面的考察點(diǎn)。但有一點(diǎn)考生要記住：由于雅思考試是一種語(yǔ)言能力的測(cè)試，它不考察專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)，不考察閱讀文章以外的背景知識(shí)(除基本常識(shí)以外，如簡(jiǎn)單的地理知識(shí))。下面我們來(lái)看一看T/F/NG的基本定義：
1. True(Yes): 問(wèn)題中的信息點(diǎn)或觀點(diǎn)與文中的信息點(diǎn)或作者的觀點(diǎn)一致。
例：1. It rained heavily everywhere in North China.
Q: It rained in Beijing.
2. By trying to do a better job of teaching, computer scientists may learn quite a lot themselves.
Q: Computer scientists are likely to learn a lot from teaching.
2. False（No）: 問(wèn)題中的信息點(diǎn)或觀點(diǎn)與文中的信息點(diǎn)或作者的觀點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)矛盾、沖突或排斥。
例: You can go to Shanghai by train or by plane.
Q: You must fly to Shanghai.
3. Not Given: 問(wèn)題中的信息點(diǎn)或觀點(diǎn)在原文中未提及，可能正確也可能不正確，界定范圍模糊。
例：It rained heavily in most areas in North China.
Q: It rained in Shanghai. 或It rained in Beijing.
F和NG的根本區(qū)別在于F肯定與原文發(fā)生沖突和排斥，而NG則沒(méi)有。例：You can go to Shanghai by train or by plane. Q: You must fly to Shanghai. 文中說(shuō)去上海可有兩種方式供選擇，而問(wèn)題則認(rèn)為僅有一種。問(wèn)題中的'信息點(diǎn)或觀點(diǎn)與文中的信息點(diǎn)或作者的觀點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)矛盾、沖突。又例：You can go to Shanghai by plane. Q: You must fly to Shanghai. 文中說(shuō)可以乘飛機(jī)去上海，但并沒(méi)有說(shuō)這是不是唯一的選擇，可能是也可能不是。而問(wèn)題則認(rèn)為僅有一種。問(wèn)題中的信息點(diǎn)或觀點(diǎn)與文中的信息點(diǎn)或作者的觀點(diǎn)沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)矛盾和沖突。
解題方法：根據(jù)判斷題的命題規(guī)律和考察角度，我們可以運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)單推理和語(yǔ)言技能分析考察點(diǎn)來(lái)作出判斷。可從以下幾個(gè)主要方面考慮：
1、界定題中考察點(diǎn)和原文對(duì)應(yīng)部分的范圍或概念以及相互關(guān)系
如果范圍或概念一致，并有從屬、相容的關(guān)系，一般為T(mén)rue。如果范圍或概念不一致，并出現(xiàn)沖突則為F。如果范圍或概念界定模糊，或范圍或概念不一致，但又沒(méi)有直接沖突則選NG。對(duì)NG題原文中沒(méi)有直接對(duì)應(yīng)句，但可能有干擾句，一般可將干擾句看作參考對(duì)應(yīng)句。
例： You can go to Shanghai by train or by plane.
Q: You fly to Shanghai.(T)
Q: You must fly to Shanghai. (F)
Q: You may probably go to Shanghai by bus. (NG)
又例：Educational standards in schools have, in general, been gradually improving.
Q: Schools have been getting better. (T)
Q: The education in schools has not been improving. (F)
Q: Educational standards are not as unsatisfactory as they used to be. (NG)
Tuition fees in this university usually rise by 3-5 percent annually.
Q: The university raises the tuition fee by 3-5 percent every year. (F)
Q: The tuition fees in the university rose by 4 percent last year. (NG)
More than half of the college’s 6000 students are over 19 years old.
Q: There are now 6000 students over the age of 19 in the college. (F)
Cooking can only be done in the kitchen in the dormitory.
Q: Cooking can not be done anywhere in the dormitory. (F)
Q: Cooking cannot be done everywhere in the dormitory. (T)
可以看出分清是整體還是局部的關(guān)系，是絕對(duì)還是相對(duì)的概念至關(guān)重要。因此一些表示范圍、程度和數(shù)量的詞如：always, all, some, little, only, must, usually, never等經(jīng)常是題目中的考察點(diǎn)。
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