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2014圣誕節(jié)手抄報(bào)：有關(guān)圣誕老人的由來(lái)「中英版」
圣誕老人的傳說(shuō)在數(shù)千年前的斯堪的納維亞半島即出現(xiàn)。北歐神話中司智慧，藝術(shù)，詩(shī)詞，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的奧丁神，寒冬時(shí)節(jié)，騎上他那八腳馬坐騎馳騁于天涯海角，懲惡揚(yáng)善，分發(fā)禮物。與此同時(shí)，其子雷神著紅衣以閃電為武器與冰雪諸神昏天黑地惡戰(zhàn)一場(chǎng)，最終戰(zhàn)勝寒冷。據(jù)異教傳說(shuō)，圣誕老人為奧丁神后裔。也有傳說(shuō)稱圣誕老人由圣·尼古拉而來(lái)，所以圣誕老人也稱St.Nicholas.因這些故事大多弘揚(yáng)基督精神，其出處，故事情節(jié)大多被淡忘，然而圣誕老人卻永駐人們精神世界。
圣誕節(jié)手抄報(bào)：圣誕老人的由來(lái)「中英版」
每年圣誕日，圣誕老人騎在白羊星座上，圣童手持圣誕樹(shù)降臨人間，隨著世事變遷，作家和藝術(shù)家開(kāi)始把圣誕老人描述成我們今日熟悉的著紅裝，留白胡子的形象。同時(shí)不同的國(guó)度和文化對(duì)圣誕老人也有了不同的解釋。在德國(guó)，傳說(shuō)他扮成圣童把堅(jiān)果和蘋(píng)果放在孩子們鞋里。他乘雙輪馬車(chē)四處漫游，觀察人們的行為，尤其是小孩，如果表現(xiàn)好，將會(huì)得到蘋(píng)果、堅(jiān)果、糖等諸多獎(jiǎng)品。壞孩子則得一鞭子。家長(zhǎng)們靈機(jī)一動(dòng)紛紛采用此傳說(shuō)來(lái)鼓勵(lì)孩子們聽(tīng)話。大大超過(guò)了新年，成為一個(gè)全民的節(jié)日。圣誕老人已經(jīng)成為圣誕節(jié)最受喜愛(ài)的象征和傳統(tǒng)。他趕 著馴鹿，拉著裝滿玩具和禮物的雪橇挨家挨戶給每個(gè)孩子送禮物的快樂(lè)老精靈的形象已深深地留在人們的記憶中。
11世紀(jì)末來(lái)自意大利的宗教士兵將Nicholas圣人的遺物帶回意大利，并在港口城市Bari建造了一座教堂來(lái)紀(jì)念他。很快世界各地的基督教徒紛至沓來(lái)朝圣這位圣人。這些朝圣者將圣人Nicholas的故事帶回他們的本土，所以有關(guān)圣誕老人的傳說(shuō)在各個(gè)國(guó)家都各具特色。
12世紀(jì)歐洲出現(xiàn)了圣人Nicholas紀(jì)念日，以互贈(zèng)禮物和慈善活動(dòng)為主。德國(guó)、法國(guó)、荷蘭則將12月6日作為宗教紀(jì)念日，給孩子和窮人們贈(zèng)送禮物。
荷蘭殖民者來(lái)到美洲時(shí)，將他們的Sintirklass主教也帶了去，Sintirklass身著紅袈裟，騎著一匹白馬。Sintirklass的美國(guó)形象后來(lái)逐漸演變成一個(gè)快樂(lè)的老精靈。起初美國(guó)作家華盛頓.歐文在他的喜劇《紐約的歷史》中將他描述成一個(gè)又圓又胖的荷蘭老人。1823年，詩(shī)人Clement Moore在他的詩(shī)歌《St.Nicholas印象》中繼續(xù)將Sintirklass/Saint Nicholas的形象戲劇化，這就是各位在本篇開(kāi)頭看到的`圣誕老人。
19世紀(jì)60年代卡通制作者Thomas Nash畫(huà)了一幅胖胖的、慈祥的圣誕老人作為《Harper的一周》的插圖。這個(gè)圣誕老人的形象開(kāi)始深深地扎根于美國(guó)人民的腦海中。隨著時(shí)間的推移，圣誕老人的形象傳回歐洲，傳到南美洲，傳遍世界各地。
許多國(guó)家都保存了他們自己有關(guān)圣誕老人的風(fēng)俗和傳說(shuō)。在荷蘭的傳說(shuō)中，圣誕老人Sintirklass還帶了一個(gè)叫Black Peter的助手，乘著一艘船于12月6日來(lái)到。他帶著一本大書(shū)，書(shū)中描述了所有荷蘭小孩在過(guò)去一年中的表現(xiàn)。表現(xiàn)好的小孩就送禮物給他們，不好的小孩便讓他的助手帶走。
德國(guó)的圣誕老人也帶著一個(gè)叫做Knecht Ruprecht、Krampus或Pelzebock的助手，肩上背著個(gè)裝著禮物的大袋子，手上拿著一根棍子。好孩子可收到他的禮物，頑皮的孩子卻要給教訓(xùn)幾棍子。
意大利的圣誕老人叫La Befana ;法國(guó)的圣誕老人叫Father Christmas或Pere Noel ;瑞士的圣誕老人叫Christkindl或Christ Child;斯勘的納維亞地區(qū)的圣誕人叫julenisse 或 juletomte ;而英國(guó)的圣誕老人和法國(guó)一樣也叫Father Christmas(圣誕之父)，他的形象比其它圣誕老人更莊嚴(yán)，更清瘦一些。北美的圣誕老人便是乘著馴鹿拉的雪橇來(lái)給孩子們送禮物的。
"American Origins: (As sent to me by Brian Dodd)
Quote from ENCARTA 95
The American version of the Santa Claus figure received its inspiration and its name from the Dutch legend of Sinter Klaas, brought by settlers to New York in the 17th century.
As early as 1773 the name appeared in the American press as "St. A Claus," but it was the popular author Washington Irving who gave Americans their first detailed information about the Dutch version of Saint Nicholas. In his History of New York, published in 1809 under the pseudonym Diedrich Knickerbocker, Irving described the arrival of the saint on horseback (unaccompanied by Black Peter) each Eve of Saint Nicholas.
This Dutch-American Saint Nick achieved his fully Americanized form in 1823 in the poem A Visit From Saint Nicholas more commonly known as The Night Before Christmas by writer Clement Clarke Moore. Moore included such details as the names of the reindeer; Santa Claus's laughs, winks, and nods; and the method by which Saint Nicholas, referred to as an elf, returns up the chimney. (Moore's phrase "lays his finger aside of his nose" was drawn directly from Irving's 1809 description.)
The American image of Santa Claus was further elaborated by illustrator Thomas Nast, who depicted a rotund Santa for Christmas issues of Harper's magazine from the 1860s to the 1880s. Nast added such details as Santa's workshop at the North Pole and Santa's list of the good and bad children of the world. A human-sized version of Santa Claus, rather than the elf of Moore's poem, was depicted in a series of illustrations for Coca-Cola advertisements introduced in 1931 that introduced and made the red Santa Suits an icon. In modern versions of the Santa Claus legend, only his toy-shop workers are elves. Rudolph, the ninth reindeer, with a red and shiny nose, was invented in 1939 by an advertising writer for the Montgomery Ward Company.
In looking for the historical roots of Santa Claus, one must go very deep in the past. One discovers that Santa Claus as we know him is a combination of many different legends and mythical creatures.
The basis for the Christian-era Santa Claus is Bishop Nicholas of Smyrna (Izmir), in what is now Turkey. Nicholas lived in the 4th century A.D. He was very rich, generous, and loving toward children. Often he gave joy to poor children by throwing gifts in through their windows.
The Orthodox Church later raised St. Nicholas, miracle worker, to a position of great esteem. It was in his honor that Russia's oldest church, for example, was built. For its part, the Roman Catholic Church honored Nicholas as one who helped children and the poor. St. Nicholas became the patron saint of children and seafarers. His name day is December 6th.
In the Protestant areas of central and northern Germany, St. Nicholas later became known as der Weinachtsmann. In England he came to be called Father Christmas. St. Nicholas made his way to the United States with Dutch immigrants, and began to be referred to as Santa Claus.
In North American poetry and illustrations, Santa Claus, in his white beard, red jacket and pompom-topped cap, would sally forth on the night before Christmas in his sleigh, pulled by eight reindeer, and climb down chimneys to leave his gifts in stockings children set out on the fireplace's mantelpiece.
Children naturally wanted to know where Santa Claus actually came from. Where did he live when he wasn't delivering presents? Those questions gave rise to the legend that Santa Claus lived at the North Pole, where his Christmas-gift workshop was also located.
In 1925, since grazing reindeer would not be possible at the North Pole, newspapers revealed that Santa Claus in fact lived in Finnish Lapland. "Uncle Markus", Markus Rautio, who compared the popular "Children's hour" on Finnish public radio, revealed the great secret for the first time in 1927: Santa Claus lives on Lapland's Korvatunturi - "Ear Fell"
The fell, which is situated directly on Finland's eastern frontier, somewhat resembles a hare's ears - which are in fact Santa Claus's ears, with which he listens to hear if the world's children are being nice. Santa has the assistance of a busy group of elves, who have quite their own history in Scandinanvian legend.
Over the centuries, customs from different parts of the Northern Hemisphere thus came together and created the whole world's Santa Claus - the ageless, timeless, deathless white-bearded and red suited man who gives out gifts on Christmas and always returns to Korvatunturi in Finnish Lapland.
Since the 1950s, Santa has happily sojourned at Napapiiri, near Rovaniemi, at times other than Christmas, to meet children and the young at heart. By 1985 his visits to Napapiiri had become so regular that he established his own Santa Claus Office there. He comes there every day of the year to hear what children want for Christmas and to talk with children who have arrived from around the world. Santa Claus Village is also the location of Santa's main Post Office, which receives children's letters from the four corners of the world.
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