康�？h土地利用與土壤侵蝕關系研究

康�？h土地利用與土壤侵蝕關系研究

【中文摘要】 土地利用/土地覆蓋變化是國際學術界當前研究的熱點之一,探索未來土地利用變化情景及其環境效應是研究的重點。土壤侵蝕是指在水力、風力、重力、凍融以及其它外營力作用下土壤、土壤母質及其它地面組成物質如巖屑、松散巖層等,被破壞、剝蝕、運轉、沉積的過程。土壤侵蝕是造成地表水土流失的直接原因,也是我國國土整治的主要目標和任務之一。土地利用方式可以明顯地影響徑流和土壤侵蝕,人類不合理的土地利用是水土流失發生的主要原因之一。本文以位于北方農牧交錯帶的康保縣為例,對縣域尺度空間范圍土地利用格局與土壤侵蝕關系進行了分析。通過地理信息系統和遙感技術的應用,可以使土壤侵蝕的分類、分級與一定空間位置的某一地塊相對應,分析土壤侵蝕強度與土地利用的關系,從而從整體上把握土壤侵蝕特征,為科學決策提供可靠依據�？当？h土壤侵蝕以風力侵蝕和水力侵蝕為主。本文根據水利部頒布的《土壤侵蝕分類分級標準》(1997),參考有關學者提出的土壤風蝕強度分級指標,構建研究區土壤侵蝕強度分類分級指標體系,運用GIS和RS技術提取土地利用現狀、坡度、植被覆蓋度、土壤質地等信息,并按土壤侵蝕強度分類分級指標體系將各個信息進行疊加得到冀北地區土壤侵蝕強度分級分類圖,然后將土地利用現狀圖與土壤侵蝕強度圖疊加得到不同土地利用類型的土壤侵蝕圖。探求研究區土地利用變化與土壤侵蝕的關系。主要內容包括:(1)首先闡述了土壤侵蝕和土地利用有關概念的涵義、研究內容、研究進展及RS、GIS技術在這方面的應用。(2)應用遙感與地理信息系統技術,利用多種信息源,提取進行土壤侵蝕強度分類分級的所需的多個指標,在研究區土地利用數據的基礎上,結合地貌、植被、土壤侵蝕、坡度、土壤質地等自然影響因子,構建了康保縣土地利用空間格局。(3)在已有的(2000年)康保縣土地利用現狀數據基礎上,運用遙感與地理信息系統技術結合2005年的遙感數據,制成2005年土地利用現狀圖。研究表明,研究區是土地退化問題十分嚴重的區域。不同土壤侵蝕強度下的土地利用特征不同。研究區土壤侵蝕以中度為主,占土地總面積的34.59%;其次為輕度侵蝕,占土地總面積的29.59%,隨著侵蝕強度的增加,土壤侵蝕面積迅速減少。北部低山丘陵區、東部緩坡丘陵區和中南部波狀平原區的土壤侵蝕程度存在較明顯的區域差異。北部低山丘陵區以中度侵蝕為主,占土地總面積的39.59%,其次為輕度侵蝕,占土地總面積的34.68%;東部緩坡丘陵區以輕度侵蝕為主,占土地總面積的41.52%,其次為中度侵蝕,占土地總面積的35.44%;中南部波狀平原區以輕度、中度侵蝕為主,占土地總面積的27.01%、25.22%。東部緩坡丘陵區侵蝕影響的土地比例最高,土地侵蝕強度在輕度及以上,占土地總面積的92.17%;北部低山丘陵區土壤侵蝕強度最大,中度及其以上侵蝕強度的土地面積占該區土地總面積的52.55%�？当？h不同土地利用土壤侵蝕程度以耕地最為嚴重,以中度以上為主;林地的侵蝕也較為嚴重,以輕度以下為主;草地侵蝕相對較小,以輕度以上為主。但草場質量退化嚴重,這表明草地受到較為嚴重的土壤侵蝕。草地是我國農牧交錯帶主要土地利用類型,它的土壤侵蝕嚴重對區域的生態環境產生不利影響。未利用地輕度以上的侵蝕占73.43%,這表明康�？h中未利用土地的土壤侵蝕沒有得到有效的治理。

【英文摘要】 At present,land use / land cover change is an international academic research, and exploring future scenarios of land use change and its environmental effect is the focus of the study . Soil erosion is the process of soil, the soil parent material and the composition of other substances such as ground-based debris, loose rock, etc. being damaged, erosion operation, and deposition, under the forces of hydro, wind, gravity, freezing and thawing and others. Soil erosion is the direct cause of surface Soil & Water Lost, and also the main goals and tasks of land improvement . Land use patterns ? significantly affect the runoff and soil erosion, and unreasonable human land use is the main reasons of water and soil lost. In this paper, taking Kangbao County as an example ,located in the northern farming-pastoral zone , the scope of county-scale spatial pattern of land use and soil erosion relationship are analyzed. The application of geographic information systems and remote sensing technology will enable the classification and grade of soil erosion, a certain spatial location that corresponds to a plot, and an analysis of soil erosion and land use intensity. And thus we can grasp the overall features of soil erosion to provide a reliable scientific basis for decision-making. Soil Erosion in Kangbao County is dominated by wind erosion and water erosion. In this paper, according to "standards of classification and grading soil erosion" (1997) issued by the Ministry of Water Resources, refer to indicators of soil erosion intensity classification put forward by the scholars, the classification and grading soil erosion intensity index system of the study area is built. and then the use of GIS and RS technology, extracting the status quo of land use, slope, vegetation coverage, soil texture and other information, and soil erosion intensity index system of classification and grading information will be superimposed to get graded intensity classification maps of all areas of soil erosion in northern Hebei , and further land use maps and soil erosion intensity map will be superimposed to obtain soil erosion map of different types of land-use, to explore the relationship between land-use change and soil erosion.The main contents include:(1) First of all, this paper will expound the concept of soil erosion and land use , meaning of the study, research progress and RS, GIS technology in this area.(2) By applying remote sensing and geographic information systems technology, using multiple sources of information, extracting the required number of indicators of soil erosion intensity classification and grading, based on data of land use in the study, on the combination of topography, vegetation, soil erosion, degree of slope, soil texture, rainfall and other natural effects of factors, to build a spatial pattern of land use of Kangbao County.(3) Based on the existing (2000) Kangbao County land use data, applying remote sensing data in 2005 from the combination of remote sensing and geographic information systems technology to make land use maps in 2005.Studies have shown that land degradation of the study area is a very serious. The land with Different intensity of soil erosion has different land-use characteristics. Soil erosion of the study area is moderate mainly, making up 34.59% of the total land area; followed by mild erosion, making up29.59% of the total land area. With the erosion intensity increases, soil erosion area will reduce rapidly.Northern Hilly areas, eastern gentle hilly area and central southern gentle wavy plain areas have different regional extent of soil erosion. Northern Hilly areas has main moderate erosion, the total land area of 39.59 percent, followed by mild erosion, of the total land area of 34.68%; eastern gentle hilly area exists mild erosion, mainly of the total land area of 41.52%, followed by moderate erosion, the total land area of 35.44%; Central southern gentle wavy plain areas has moderate and minor erosion mainly, of the total land area of 27.01%, 25.22%. Gentle slope erosion in eastern hilly region makes the highest proportion of affected land, land erosion intensity in the mild and more , of the total land area of 92.17%; the northern hilly area of soil erosion intensity, moderate intensity and above, the area of land erosion accounts for the total land area of 52.55%.Kangbao County Land Use different degree of soil erosion of arable land is the most serious, above moderate degree; the erosion of forest land is also more serious, mainly in more than mild degree; grassland erosion is relatively small, mainly in less than mild. However, serious pasture degradation indicates that the grass is eroded more seriously. Grassland is China's major land use types in farming-pastoral zone, and its serious soil erosion has a negative impact on the regional ecological environment. Unused land for slightly erosion accounted for more than 73.43 percent; this shows that Kangbao County land use for slightly erosion control has not been effective.

【中文關鍵詞】 康保縣; 土地利用; 土壤侵蝕; 遙感
【英文關鍵詞】 Kangbao County; land use; soil erosion; remote sensing
【畢業論文目錄】
摘要 6-8
Abstract 8-9
第一章 緒論 10-18
    1.1 選題背景及研究意義 10-12
    1.2 國內外土壤侵蝕評價研究進展 12-16
        1.2.1 土壤侵蝕相關概念 12-14
        1.2.2 國內土壤侵蝕評價研究進展 14-15
        1.2.3 國外土壤侵蝕評價研究進展 15-16 
    1.3 土地利用與土壤侵蝕關系研究現狀 16-18
第二章 研究內容、方法和技術路線 18-23
    2.1 研究內容 18
    2.2 研究方法和技術路線 18-21
        2.2.1 土地利用信息提取 18-20
        2.2.2 土壤侵蝕信息提取 20
        2.2.3 土地利用與土壤侵蝕數據整合 20-21
    2.3 技術路線 21-23
第三章 研究區概況及數據處理 23-41
    3.1 研究區概況 23-27
        3.1.1 自然地理背景 24-26
        3.1.2 經濟概況 26
        3.1.3 農業區的劃分 26-27
    3.2 土地利用信息的提取 27-32
        3.2.1 七波段彩色合成 27
        3.2.2 影像矯正 27-28
        3.2.3 檢驗校對影像的誤差大小 28
        3.2.4 研究區土地利用現狀圖的生成 28-32
    3.3 土壤侵蝕信息提取 32-41
        3.3.1 坡度信息提取 33-35
        3.3.2 植被覆蓋度信息提取 35-37
        3.3.3 土壤質地信息提取 37-39
        3.3.4 土壤侵蝕分類分級圖的生成 39-41
第四章 土地利用與土壤侵蝕的關系 41-51
    4.1 土地利用類型面積變化分析 41
    4.2 土壤侵蝕強度結果分析 41-44
    4.3 土地利用變化與土壤侵蝕的關系分析 44-49
    4.4 分區整治對策 49-51
第五章 結論與不足 51-53
    5.1 結論 51-52
    5.2 本研究存在的不足 52-53
參考文獻 53-58
致謝 58-59

【康�？h土地利用與土壤侵蝕關系研究】相關文章：

力學與固定關系的研究03-16

研究網絡與文化的互動關系03-18

對營銷創意與營銷執行關系的研究03-19

員工忠誠與心理契約的關系研究11-25

公司治理與內部控制關系研究03-25

企業區域遷移與績效關系研究03-22

資本成本與資本結構的關系研究05-12

資產結構及其與企業效益關系研究03-23

精英文化與草根文化的關系研究03-19