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class="title">從在校大學(xué)生看“蟻?zhàn)濉?/h1> <div id="5vajrimf" class="info"> <span id="5vajrimf" class="time">時(shí)間：2023-03-27 11:39:05 </span> <span id="5vajrimf" class="sm_after_time"></span> <span id="5vajrimf" class="source"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.1-jiu.com/bylw/lunwenfanwen/" title="論文范文">論文范文</a></span> <span id="5vajrimf" class="source"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.1-jiu.com/usr/login.html" title="我要投稿">我要投稿</a></span> </div> <script type="text/javascript">s("content_top");</script> <div id="5vajrimf" class="content"> <div id="5vajrimf" class="excellent_articles_box"> <ul> <li id="5vajrimf" class="excellent_articles_title">相關(guān)推薦</li> </ul> </div> <p>從在校大學(xué)生看“蟻?zhàn)濉?/p> 摘要：本文作為“昆明蟻?zhàn)迳矸菡J(rèn)同困境探析”的階段性成果，基于對(duì)昆明市內(nèi)在校大學(xué)生畢業(yè)預(yù)期的調(diào)查，試圖從在校大學(xué)生的角度探索昆明“蟻?zhàn)濉钡奶攸c(diǎn)，并對(duì)可能帶來(lái)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行分析，從而對(duì)高校的相關(guān)工作提出建議，促進(jìn)高校工作更好地為大學(xué)生就業(yè)服務(wù)。 <BR>關(guān)鍵詞：昆明；在校大學(xué)生；畢業(yè)預(yù)期；蟻?zhàn)?nbsp; <BR> 一、調(diào)查概述 <BR> 昆明高校大學(xué)生畢業(yè)預(yù)期調(diào)查共發(fā)放問(wèn)卷211份，收回問(wèn)卷206份，回收率為97.6%，其中有效問(wèn)卷200份，有效率為97%。本次調(diào)查的調(diào)查對(duì)象涵蓋了云南民族大學(xué)等11所高校的在校�？粕⒈究粕约按T士研究生，調(diào)查對(duì)象選取完全隨機(jī)。研究資料的收集以問(wèn)卷為主，輔以大量訪談。 <BR> 表一：樣本概況 <BR> <BR> 二、調(diào)查結(jié)果分析 <BR> （一）昆明高校在校大學(xué)生畢業(yè)預(yù)期特點(diǎn)與蟻?zhàn)逄攸c(diǎn)的相關(guān)性。 <BR> 1.收入預(yù)期高可能導(dǎo)致進(jìn)入社會(huì)心理落差較大。 <BR> 通過(guò)畢業(yè)預(yù)期調(diào)查顯示，昆明市內(nèi)大學(xué)在校生平均期待月薪為3796.37元/月，眾數(shù)為3000，且預(yù)期在3000-10000元的比例占到了81.9%，也就是說(shuō)，超過(guò)八成的人的期待月薪為三千元以上。結(jié)合調(diào)查結(jié)果對(duì)比，昆明高校畢業(yè)生1-3年內(nèi)的平均工資為2422.11元，且以1500-2000元的比例最大。由此可見(jiàn)，在校生對(duì)月薪有較高期待，研究生的期待月薪低于本、�？粕�，更趨向于理性。較高的薪酬預(yù)期必然會(huì)導(dǎo)致眾人認(rèn)為自身價(jià)值未從薪酬上得以體現(xiàn)，而畢業(yè)后頻繁更換工作的主要原因也與理想薪酬有一定關(guān)系。 <BR> 2.理性與盲目就業(yè)動(dòng)機(jī)各半，造成蟻?zhàn)咫A段性流動(dòng)常態(tài)。 <BR> 蟻?zhàn)遄鳛橐粋€(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)群體，群體的規(guī)模及群體內(nèi)部成員的不斷變動(dòng)成為常態(tài)。導(dǎo)致這一特點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生的原因可以追溯到在校生畢業(yè)預(yù)期所反映出的特點(diǎn)，調(diào)查顯示有52.5%的在校生有畢業(yè)后有留在昆明的想法，究其原因，理性與盲目各半。理性表現(xiàn)為來(lái)自省外的同學(xué)對(duì)自己家 <BR> 云南民族大學(xué)研究生創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目“昆明蟻?zhàn)迳矸菡J(rèn)同困境探析”，項(xiàng)目編號(hào)：2011YCX12 <BR>鄉(xiāng)高校數(shù)量、畢業(yè)生人數(shù)、生活壓力等與昆明的對(duì)比分析，省內(nèi)生源對(duì)昆明工作機(jī)會(huì)、就業(yè)環(huán)境以及自身專業(yè)在昆明的發(fā)展前景的看法。而盲目則表現(xiàn)為對(duì)昆明氣候的偏好、感情影響及習(xí)慣了等等因素。在訪談中了解到，有相當(dāng)一部分在校生表現(xiàn)出對(duì)未來(lái)的迷茫，由于就業(yè)壓力的增大，不確定性因素增多，對(duì)于自身能夠在哪里發(fā)展，更多人抱有走一步是一步的想法。盲目性導(dǎo)致了眾多大學(xué)生在畢業(yè)初期留在昆明，卻在進(jìn)入社會(huì)后體會(huì)到艱辛與無(wú)奈，在畢業(yè)后六個(gè)月到一年中選擇離開(kāi)，因此，這也是影響蟻?zhàn)迦后w規(guī)模階段性變化的原因之一。 <BR> 根據(jù)云南省國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展統(tǒng)計(jì)公報(bào)的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)看，從2007年-2010年云南省普通高校的招生人數(shù)分別是9.92、11.7、13.25、14.25萬(wàn)人，畢業(yè)生人數(shù)分別是7.3、7.93、8.59、9.54萬(wàn)人。在社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的大背景下，是否留在昆明的想法更多的來(lái)自于大學(xué)生自己的想法和客觀的就業(yè)環(huán)境，受家庭因素的影響不大。此外，由于高校灌輸?shù)摹跋染蜆I(yè)再擇業(yè)”等原因的共同作用，在未來(lái)將會(huì)有更多的畢業(yè)生留在昆明發(fā)展，其中不乏蟻?zhàn)�，昆明蟻�(zhàn)迦后w也因此處于動(dòng)態(tài)變化中。 <P> 3.群體內(nèi)歸屬感較為強(qiáng)烈導(dǎo)致進(jìn)入社會(huì)的自我封閉傾向。<BR> 在校大學(xué)生中來(lái)自省內(nèi)農(nóng)村的占了很大比例，提到蟻?zhàn)澹谠L談中很多人提到了“草根”“村二代”“資本”“關(guān)系”，由此不難看出，在校大學(xué)生的群體內(nèi)認(rèn)同感比較強(qiáng)烈，對(duì)于來(lái)自農(nóng)村的身份以及缺乏社會(huì)資本心理劣勢(shì)感比較強(qiáng)烈。這一群體內(nèi)歸屬感延伸到畢業(yè)之后，就表現(xiàn)為昆明蟻?zhàn)宓慕浑H范圍局限于同學(xué)、同鄉(xiāng)以及為數(shù)不多的同事，不愿意主動(dòng)與他人產(chǎn)生持久的社會(huì)互動(dòng)，對(duì)社會(huì)缺乏信任感，從而導(dǎo)致自我封閉傾向。 <BR> 4.期待社會(huì)態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變的態(tài)度在畢業(yè)后更為強(qiáng)烈。<BR> 相對(duì)畢業(yè)生來(lái)說(shuō)，在校大學(xué)生提及“蟻?zhàn)濉被蛘哒f(shuō)對(duì)于未來(lái)可能成為“蟻?zhàn)濉钡念A(yù)期，多了些許坦然。一則是還未經(jīng)受初入社會(huì)的困難，一則是社會(huì)大背景有較為深刻的認(rèn)識(shí)。<BR> 通過(guò)調(diào)查問(wèn)卷了解在校生對(duì)“傳統(tǒng)的高期待”和“用人單位對(duì)大學(xué)生負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià)”的看法時(shí)，被調(diào)查對(duì)象較為集中的使用了“現(xiàn)實(shí)”“實(shí)踐”“能力”等詞語(yǔ)。“現(xiàn)實(shí)”多指隨著大學(xué)的擴(kuò)招，大學(xué)生數(shù)量的急劇上升，就業(yè)壓力增大，曾經(jīng)的天之驕子的大學(xué)生形象應(yīng)當(dāng)在社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)中回歸理性，傳統(tǒng)的高期待也應(yīng)該隨之改變。在校生意識(shí)到，“實(shí)踐”是大學(xué)生的軟肋，缺乏實(shí)踐能力是造成用人單位負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià)的主要原因，而這則歸因于當(dāng)下教育體制的缺陷。此外，多被提及的個(gè)人“能力”則被認(rèn)為是獲得工作的好壞的決定因素，而非單純的學(xué)歷。<BR> 畢業(yè)后，有部分同學(xué)進(jìn)入獲得穩(wěn)定有聲譽(yù)的工作，與傳統(tǒng)期待相吻合，而蟻?zhàn)寰托枰^續(xù)面對(duì)身份認(rèn)同帶來(lái)的矛盾，因此，在校生希望社會(huì)態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變的期待在蟻?zhàn)迳砩媳憩F(xiàn)的更為明顯。來(lái)自師范大學(xué)的小李對(duì)筆者說(shuō)，自己目前選擇了在某商會(huì)工作，根本不能得到家人的認(rèn)同，偶爾還會(huì)被親戚數(shù)落，他們總是覺(jué)得這樣的工作不是所謂的正式穩(wěn)定的工作，按照家人的想法回去的話，一切又需要重頭開(kāi)始，但是自己適合這個(gè)工作，干得得心應(yīng)手，薪酬也還算不錯(cuò)。<BR> （二）高校轉(zhuǎn)變方式應(yīng)對(duì)大學(xué)生就業(yè)困境。<BR> 1.根據(jù)畢業(yè)生的實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行就業(yè)觀、成才觀的科學(xué)引導(dǎo)。<BR> 根據(jù)不同的生源地、不同的就業(yè)傾向以及不同的生存理念，大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)需要區(qū)別對(duì)待。對(duì)于來(lái)自城市而又缺乏農(nóng)村生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)、缺乏認(rèn)真工作態(tài)度、將基層工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)視為進(jìn)入城市跳板的同學(xué)，一味引導(dǎo)其到農(nóng)村工作，會(huì)造成無(wú)法適應(yīng)環(huán)境、工作開(kāi)展不順利和人才浪費(fèi)的后果，也與國(guó)家政策背道而馳。因此，對(duì)于城市生源地的同學(xué)，需要引導(dǎo)其先就業(yè)，再擇業(yè)，對(duì)于農(nóng)村生源的同學(xué)，需要引導(dǎo)其先生存，后發(fā)展的理念，將最適合農(nóng)村發(fā)展、最可能長(zhǎng)期為基層貢獻(xiàn)力量的人引入農(nóng)村，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)人才優(yōu)勢(shì)的最大化發(fā)揮。<BR> 2.深化教育體制改革，調(diào)整專業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)。<BR> 高校課程的設(shè)置需要順應(yīng)社會(huì)發(fā)展與市場(chǎng)需求，緊隨社會(huì)進(jìn)步與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展改進(jìn)教學(xué)方式，調(diào)整課程內(nèi)容。根據(jù)不同的辦學(xué)層次、類型和定位，形成各具特色的專業(yè)設(shè)置和人才培養(yǎng)模式，以適應(yīng)社會(huì)不同的需要。高校需要增強(qiáng)“見(jiàn)風(fēng)使舵”的能力，及時(shí)根據(jù)我國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的預(yù)期來(lái)培養(yǎng)人才，同時(shí)，將專業(yè)課程與綜合素質(zhì)培訓(xùn)相結(jié)合，在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生建立專業(yè)知識(shí)體系的同時(shí)，提供包括面試、溝通、人際關(guān)系、工作態(tài)度、團(tuán)隊(duì)精神等等的素質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)訓(xùn)練，使大學(xué)生更具市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。<BR> 3.建立畢業(yè)生信息回饋體系，對(duì)就業(yè)情況進(jìn)行科學(xué)評(píng)估。<BR> 就培養(yǎng)一個(gè)大學(xué)生的時(shí)間、經(jīng)濟(jì)以及機(jī)會(huì)成本來(lái)說(shuō)，如果有一定比例的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生僅僅獲得了諸如電子產(chǎn)品銷售等臨時(shí)工作的話，只能證明高等教育存在弊端。而目前的就業(yè)率統(tǒng)計(jì)，僅通過(guò)數(shù)字來(lái)對(duì)高校人才培養(yǎng)情況進(jìn)行評(píng)估是十分不合理的。就業(yè)率的統(tǒng)計(jì)最終是要為高校的良性運(yùn)行提供支持，因此學(xué)校應(yīng)該建立畢業(yè)生信息跟蹤體系，一方面了解就業(yè)情況，呈現(xiàn)立體的就業(yè)率，另一方面可以通過(guò)畢業(yè)生回饋，根據(jù)實(shí)際就業(yè)需求調(diào)整課程設(shè)置。跟蹤體系的建立避免了傳統(tǒng)的就業(yè)率的簡(jiǎn)單數(shù)字顯示，能夠擴(kuò)大信息量，就畢業(yè)生進(jìn)入社會(huì)體驗(yàn)到的最為缺乏的能力及知識(shí)，及時(shí)通過(guò)學(xué)校相關(guān)課程調(diào)整，使在校生獲益，最大限度的為大學(xué)生就業(yè)服務(wù)。</P><P>參考文獻(xiàn)：<BR>[1]廉思，蟻?zhàn)澹捍髮W(xué)畢業(yè)生聚居村實(shí)錄[M].桂林:廣西師范大學(xué)出版社,2009.<BR>[2]廉思，誰(shuí)的時(shí)代：蟻?zhàn)澧騕M].北京：中信出版社,2010.<BR>[3]郭普璞，從“天之驕子”到 “知識(shí)民工”——大學(xué)生身份認(rèn)同困境研究[D].哈爾濱:黑龍江大學(xué)哲學(xué)與公共管理學(xué)院,2010.<BR>[4]廖娟，“蟻?zhàn)濉闭凵涓叩冉逃顿Y風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[N].中國(guó)文化報(bào), 2010,(02).</P><script>s("content_relate");</script><p>【從在校大學(xué)生看“蟻?zhàn)濉薄肯嚓P(guān)文章：</p><p><a target="_blank" 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