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公共英語(yǔ)三級(jí)常見(jiàn)語(yǔ)法合集
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公共英語(yǔ)三級(jí)常見(jiàn)語(yǔ)法1
一、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)
(一)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：
1.由when.as soon as.the minute.the moment.till.until等引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，以及由if.unless.provided that等引起的條件狀語(yǔ)從句常常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，而主句則用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。
例：They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they finish their exams.
2.當(dāng)表示普遍的真理或者眾所周知的客觀事實(shí)，常常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例：The earth is round. 地球是圓的。
(二)一般過(guò)去時(shí)：區(qū)分三個(gè)短語(yǔ)的用法：
1.used to do sth：過(guò)去常常做某事。
2.be/get used to doing sth：習(xí)慣做某事。
3.be used to do sth：被用于做某事。
(三)一般將來(lái)時(shí)：
1.be to+動(dòng)詞原形：表示安排或計(jì)劃好了的動(dòng)作。例：The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.
2.be about to+動(dòng)詞原形：表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例：The lecture is about to begin.講座即將開(kāi)始。
3.一些表示動(dòng)作趨勢(shì)，如開(kāi)始.終結(jié)，以及一些表示動(dòng)作方向，如往來(lái)的動(dòng)詞，常常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示按照安排將于將來(lái)發(fā)生的事情，這類動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有如：start，go，leave，come，arrive等。例：We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我們明天動(dòng)身去北京。
(四)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：
重點(diǎn)區(qū)分when和while引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的用法。
When表示時(shí)間上的點(diǎn)，在考試中其引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句多翻譯為“這時(shí)?”，主句多用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài);while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句多翻譯為“正當(dāng)……時(shí)”，該從句用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。 例：One of the guards was sleeping when the general came in, which made him very angry.
I fell and hurt myself while I was playing tennis.
(五)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：
重點(diǎn)區(qū)分have (has) been to：某人去過(guò)某地，表示一種經(jīng)歷，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)，可以和once，twice，often，never，ever連用;
Have (has) gone to：某人在去某地的途中或已在某地，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。此句型不能與上述時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例：He has gone to America.他已經(jīng)去了美國(guó)。He has been to America twice.他去過(guò)美國(guó)兩次。
(六)過(guò)去完成時(shí)：
1.強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在另外一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
2.It was the first/second/last time that? 在該句型，that從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。
(七)將來(lái)完成時(shí)：
常常標(biāo)志性地由by.by the time.by the end of引起一個(gè)表示將來(lái)時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，主句用將來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)。
二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can.could;may.might;must.need;should;ought to，對(duì)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞�？计鋬煞矫娴�.內(nèi)容，一是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于推測(cè)句型，二是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣(該部分的講解放在虛擬語(yǔ)氣)
(一)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于對(duì)現(xiàn)在內(nèi)容推測(cè)的常見(jiàn)句型有：
1.Can/may do sth：表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在內(nèi)容的可能性的推測(cè);
2.Must do sth：表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在內(nèi)容的肯定性的推測(cè)。
(二)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于對(duì)過(guò)去內(nèi)容推薦的常見(jiàn)句型：
1.can/may have done sth：表示對(duì)過(guò)去內(nèi)容的可能性;
2.must have done sth：表示對(duì)過(guò)去內(nèi)容的肯定性的推測(cè)。
例：1.Mr Green must have failed to receive my letter, otherwise he would have replied.
2.I believe he must have had an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.
三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣
虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示與客觀事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，由if虛擬條件從句和主句構(gòu)成。
(一)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本內(nèi)容
根據(jù)虛擬與其這種與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)所對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間不同，虛擬語(yǔ)氣的if虛擬條件從句與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分別有三類構(gòu)成形式：
假設(shè)類型If虛擬條件從句
主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 Did/were Would/should do 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 Had done Would/should have done 與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反 Were to do/did/should do Would/should do
例：1.I wouldn't talk that way if I were Peter.
2.If the whole operation had not been planned before hand, a great deal of time and money
would have been lost
3.Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often.
4.I would ask George to lend us the money if I knew him.
5.Do you think there would be less conflict (戰(zhàn)斗.斗爭(zhēng)) in the world if all people spoke the same language.
6.If Bob had come with us, he would have had a good time.
(二)if的省略形式(又稱虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))
在if虛擬條件從句中，如果謂語(yǔ)部分包含were，should，had等詞，則可以把這些詞放到主語(yǔ)前，省略if，構(gòu)成虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
(三)主句與從句時(shí)間不一致時(shí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的構(gòu)成
當(dāng)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的if虛擬條件從句和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，要根據(jù)各自表示的時(shí)間采用對(duì)應(yīng)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的構(gòu)成形式。
例：1.If I had attended the meeting yesterday, I would know what happened now.
2.If you had taken our advice at that time, you would not be in trouble now.
(四)主觀傾向性動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的構(gòu)成
在英語(yǔ)中存在一些動(dòng)詞，表示建議.命令.要求等主觀的傾向，由這些動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的that賓語(yǔ)從句中，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。這類常見(jiàn)的主觀傾向性動(dòng)詞有“一堅(jiān)持.二命令.三建議.五要求”，分別是：
一堅(jiān)持：insist 二命令：order.command 三建議：suggest.advise(n advice).propose(提議.建議) 五要求：ask.demand.require.request.desire
例：1.The doctor advised that Mr. Malan have an operation right away so as to save his life.
2.His mother insisted that he put on the coat when going out. 同時(shí)，如果在題干中出現(xiàn)上面這些主觀傾向性動(dòng)詞的名詞和形容詞形式，題干中從句部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略�？荚囍谐Ｒ�(jiàn)的詞匯有：order，command，suggestion，advice，proposal，demand，request，desire，advisable，desirable.
(五)wish that和if only引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的構(gòu)成
Wish that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句和if only引起的感嘆句都用虛擬語(yǔ)氣來(lái)表示一種沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)或無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，其中wish that句型往往翻譯為：多么希望?;if only表示的愿望較wish that更強(qiáng)烈，常翻譯為但愿;要是?就好了。兩者的用法基本相同。兩者的用法是：
1.當(dāng)表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反的一種愿望時(shí)，wish that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句和if only引起的感嘆句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用的形式是：did/were;
2.當(dāng)表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反的一種愿望時(shí)，wish that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句和if only引起的感嘆句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用的形式是：had done;
3.當(dāng)表示未來(lái)一時(shí)很難實(shí)現(xiàn)的一種愿望時(shí)，wish that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句和if only引起的感嘆句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用的形式是：would do.
(六)would rather引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的構(gòu)成
Would rather的意思是“寧愿.寧可”其引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(一般省去that)通常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示一種與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。我們可以假設(shè)A.B是兩個(gè)人，通過(guò)牢記一下句式來(lái)記住其用法：
1.A would rather B did sth：表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反的一種假設(shè)
2.A would rather B had done sth：表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的一種假設(shè)
四、感官動(dòng)詞.使役動(dòng)詞
(一)感官動(dòng)詞的用法及其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：在英語(yǔ)中，常見(jiàn)的感官動(dòng)詞有“五看二聽(tīng)一感覺(jué)”(see.watch.look.notice.observe;hear.listen to.feel)，在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中用動(dòng)詞原形或現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，如see sb do/doing sth，改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)則要加to，如sb be seen to do sth.
(二)使役動(dòng)詞的用法及其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：在英語(yǔ)中，常見(jiàn)的使役動(dòng)詞有make.let.have，在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中用動(dòng)詞原形做賓補(bǔ)，如make sb do sth，改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)則要加to，如sb be made to do sth， 兩種形式都表示使/讓某人做某事的意思。例：We were made to study hardy.我們被要求努力學(xué)習(xí)。
(三)英語(yǔ)中�？嫉木涫浇Y(jié)構(gòu)一：sth need/ want/ require doing 某物需要?(=sth need/want/require to be done)(此句式主語(yǔ)為物)例：My room is a mess. It needs tidying up(整理)。
(四)英語(yǔ)中�？嫉木涫浇Y(jié)構(gòu)二：have/get sth done 請(qǐng)/讓別人做某事(have/get后接賓語(yǔ)為物)
例：I have taken many photos. I‘m going to get the filmdeveloped. 五.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去動(dòng)詞。例：The work must be finished before lunch. 這項(xiàng)工作必須在午飯前干完。
公共英語(yǔ)三級(jí)常見(jiàn)語(yǔ)法2
1、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
(1) 表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)，常與sometimes, always, often, every day等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school.
(2) 表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)等。如：The earth goes round the sun.
2、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
(1) 表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與now, at present等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：
What are you doing now?
(2) 和always, continually等連用，表一種經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動(dòng)作，常含有某種情感。如：
He is always doing good deeds.
3、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
主要表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響，或動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去，常與just, already, so far, once, never 等詞連用。如:Have you ever been to Beijing?
4、一般將來(lái)時(shí)
表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow, next year等連用。如：
Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
Were going to see a film next Monday.
5、一般過(guò)去時(shí)
表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用。如：It happened many years ago.
6、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)期正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：
What were you doing this time yesterday?
7、 過(guò)去完成時(shí)
表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的`動(dòng)作。如：
The train had already left before we arrived.
8、一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
表示說(shuō)話人從過(guò)去的角度來(lái)看將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：
He said he would come, but he didnt.
公共英語(yǔ)三級(jí)常見(jiàn)語(yǔ)法3
要點(diǎn)
1、 連詞的種類
(1) 并列連詞用來(lái)連接并列關(guān)系的.詞、短語(yǔ)或分句，如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。
(2) 從屬連詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句，如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。
除了從屬連詞(引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句)外，還有其它可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句的詞類。它們是連接代詞和連接副詞(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句)，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞(引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)。
2、 常用連詞舉例
(1)and 和，并且
They drank and sang all night.
(2) both…and 和， 既…也…
Both my parents and I went there.
(3) but 但是，而
Im sad, but he is happy.
(4) either…or 或…或…， 要么…要么…
Either youre wrong, or I am.
(5) for因?yàn)?/p>
I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.
(6) however 然而，可是
Af first, he didnt want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.
(7) neither…nor 既不…也不
Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.
(8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且…
He not only sings well, but also dances well.
(9) or 或者，否則
Hurry up, or youll be late.
Are you a worker or a doctor?
(10) so 因此，所以
Its getting late, so I must go.
(11) although 雖然
Although it was late, they went on working.
(12) as soon as 一 …就
Ill tell him as soon as I see him.
(13) because 因?yàn)?/p>
He didnt go to school, because he was ill.
(14)unless 除非，如果不
I wont go unless it is fine tomorrow.
(15)until 直到…
He didnt leave until eleven. (瞬間動(dòng)詞用于not… until 結(jié)構(gòu))
He stayed there until eleven.
(16)while 當(dāng)…時(shí)候，而 (表示對(duì)比)
While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬間動(dòng)詞)
My pen is red while his is blue.
(17)for 因?yàn)?/p>
He was ill, for he didnt come. (結(jié)論是推斷出來(lái)的)
(18)since自從…
I have lived here since my uncle left.
(19)hardly… when 一… 就
I had hardly got to the station when the train left.
(20)as far as 就… 來(lái)說(shuō)
As far as I know, that country is very small.
You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)
例題
例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David.
A as well B as well as C so well D so well as
解析：該題意為：John踢足球如果不比David好的話，那也踢得和David一樣好。 和…一樣好為as well as. 故該題正確答案為B。
例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A when B where C which D while
解析：該處意為"然而"，只有while有此意思，故選D。
 
;例3 Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
解析：該處意為"或者"，正確答案為C。
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