考研基礎英語詞匯

考研基礎英語詞匯

　　考研備考期，除了背誦專業課和政治，英語詞匯的積累也不能落下。為了幫助大家，小編分享了一些考研基礎詞匯，希望能幫到大家!

　　文化社會生活類

　　彩票 lottery ticket

　　保健食品 health-care food

　　暴發戶 new rich; upstart

　　民工潮 farmer’s frenzied hunt for work in cities

　　下崗工人 laid-off workers

　　人口老齡化 aging/ graying population

　　人口高峰 baby boom

　　人口負增長 negative population growth

　　流動人口 moving population

　　收視率 viewing rate

　　售后服務 after-sale service

　　再就業工程 re-employment project

　　自由職業者 free lancer

　　性別歧視 sexual discrimination

　　性價比 cost performance

　　水貨 smuggled goods

　　水土流失 soil erosion

　　文化滲透 cultural infiltration

　　跳槽 job-hopping

　　搶購 panic buying

　　甩賣 clearance sale

　　公益廣告 public-interest advertisement

　　讓利 offer discounts

　　出國熱 craze for going abroad

　　社會福利制度 the social welfare system

　　享受公費醫療 enjoy public health care

　　世界衛生組織 World Health Organization (WHO)

　　黃昏戀 twilight love

　　賀歲片 New Year film

　　記者招待會 press/ news conference

　　賣淫 prostitute oneself and visit prostitutes

　　制造假鈔 make the false notes

　　吸毒者 a drug addict

　　出售黃色錄像 sell obscene video tapes

　　傳銷 pyramid-selling; multi-level marketing

　　環境法律醫療類等

　　溫室效應 green-house effect

　　沙漠化 desertification

　　過度放牧 overgrazing

　　過度捕魚 over-fishing

　　濫砍亂伐 clear-cutting

　　退耕還林 return cultivated land to forest

　　沙塵暴 sand storm

　　生態危機 ecological forest

　　破壞生態平衡 destroy / upset the ecological balance

　　自然保護區 nature reserve

　　環境綠化 environmental greening

　　禽流感 bird flu

　　瘋牛病 mad cow disease/ BSE

　　口蹄疫 foot-and-mouth disease

　　非典 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

　　偷稅﹑騙稅 tax evasion and tax fraud

　　掃黃打非 eliminate pornography and illegal publications

　　嚴打斗爭 strike-hard campaign

　　公正合理的國際政治經濟新秩序

　　a new and rational new international political and economic order

　　外交紛爭 diplomatic disputes

　　維護世界和平 safeguard world peace

　　國際慣例 international common practice

　　民族分裂主義 ethnic separatism

　　宗教極端主義 religious extremism

　　世界的基本格局 basic world pattern

　　教育與科學技術類

　　科技含量 technology content

　　科教興國 rely on science, technology and education to rejuvenate the nation

　　可持續發展戰略 strategy of sustainable development

　　工業園區 industrial park

　　技術密集型產品 technology-intensive product

　　新興學科 new branch of science

　　邊緣學科 frontier science

　　高速寬帶互聯網 high-speed broadband networks

　　電腦病毒 computer viruses

　　電子商務 e-commerce; e-business

　　黑客 hacker

　　數字地球 digital globe

　　局域網 local area network

　　人工智能 artificial intelligence

　　網上沖浪 web-surfing

　　網絡世界 cyber world

　　網上犯罪 cyber crime

　　信息高速公路 information highland

　　網民 netizen

　　虛擬現實 virtual reality

　　克隆 cloning

　　基因工程 genetic engineering

　　轉基因食品 genetically modified food

　　“神舟六號”載人飛船 manned spacecraft Shenzhou VI

　　掌上電腦 palm computer

　　主頁 home page

　　語音信箱 voice mail

　　網絡經濟 cyber-economy

　　網蟲 netter; Internet geek

　　網戀 cyber romance; virtual romance

　　高精尖技術 high-grade, high-precision, advanced technology

　　科技扶貧 support poor areas using technology

　　科研攻關 work towards key technological breakthroughs

　　自費研究生 self-supporting graduate student

　　委托培養 consign the training of personnel to a certain school

　　填鴨式教學 cramming method of teaching

　　啟發式教學 heuristic education

　　復合型人才 interdisciplinary talent

　　論文答辯 thesis oral defense

　　素質教育 quality-oriented education

　　教書育人 impart knowledge and educate people

　　九年制義務教務教育 nine-year compulsory education

　　德智體美勞全面發展

　　all around development of moral, intellectual,physical,aesthetics and labor education

　　知識產權 intellectual property

　　因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude

　　碩博連讀

　　a continuous academic program that involves postgraduate and doctoral study

　　雙學位 double degree

　　雙向選擇 two-way selection

　　人才流失 brain drain

　　陶冶情操 cultivate one’s taste and temperament

　　學生減負 alleviate the burden on students

　　學術交流 academic exchanges

　　學科帶頭人 pace-setter in scientific research

　　德才兼備 have both political integrity and ability

　　攻讀碩士學位 study for a doctoral degree

　　文科生 students of liberal arts

　　理科生 students of science

　　愛國主義教育 education in patriotism

　　擇優錄取 enroll the excellent students

　　畢業論文 graduation thesis

　　畢業設計 graduation project

　　義務教育 compulsory education

　　高等教育 higher education

　　選修課程 optional courses

　　主修課程 major courses

　　重點學科 key disciplinary areas

　　德智體全面發展的學生

　　students who are well developed morally, intellectually and physically

　　教育部 Ministry of Education

　　博士生導師 doctoral supervisors

　　世界觀﹑人生觀﹑價值觀 word outlook, outlook on life and values

　　政治類

　　不正之風 bad / harmful practice

　　霸權主義 hegemonism

　　奔小康 strive for a better-off life

　　論資排輩 assign priority according to seniority

　　持續發展 sustainable development

　　重復建設 redundant project

　　大鍋飯 egalitarian practice ( of everyone taking food from the same big pot)

　　多極化 multi-polarization

　　科學技術是第一生產力 Science and technology are the primary productive force.

　　機構臃腫 overstaffing in organization

　　機構改革 institutional restructuring; streamlining

　　反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean government

　　窗口行業 service trade

　　核心競爭力 core competitiveness

　　減員增效 downsizing of staff and improving efficiency

　　減輕農民負擔 reduce farmer’s burdens; lighten the burden on them

　　跨越式發展 great-leap-forward development

　　跨世紀發展 trans-century project

　　民主集中制 democratic centralism

　　講誠信﹑反欺詐 honor credibility and oppose cheating

　　強權外交 power diplomacy

　　人浮于事 overstaffing

　　侵吞公款 embezzle public funds

　　群帶關系 networking through petticoat influence

　　求同存異 seek common ground on major issues while shelving differences on minor ones

　　濫用權力 abuse one’s power; misuse one’s authority

　　廉政建設 build a clean and honest government

　　三步走戰略 the three-step development strategy

　　三講教育 three emphases education—emphasize theoretical study, political awareness and good conduct

　　三峽工程 Three gorges project

　　貪腐腐化 corruption and degeneration

　　思想僵硬 fossilized concept

　　西部開發 the development of China’s west

　　發展是硬道理 Development is an invariable truth

　　堅持四項基本原則 uphold the four cardinal principles

　　地方保護主義 regional protectionism

　　拜金主義 money worship

　　賄賂 give and take bribery

　　走后門 get in by the back door / enter by the back door

　　和平演變 peaceful evolution

　　貪臟枉法 take bribes and bend the law

　　貪腐 abusing power for money

　　拉關系 try to establish a relationship with sb.

　　權錢交易 trading power for money

　　掃黃運動 anti-pornography campaign

　　公款吃喝 enjoy banquet on public funds

　　“一國兩制”的原則 the principle of “one country, two systems:”

　　兩大主題 two principle themes

　　堅持一個中國立場 stick to one-China position

　　全國人民代表大會 National People’s Congress

　　與國際接軌 synchronize with the world; accord with international norms

　　社會主義物質文明 socialist material wellbeing

　　社會主義精神文明 socialist culture and ideology

　　實現中華民族偉大復興 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation

　　歪風邪氣 unhealthy practices and evil phenomena

　　溫暖工程 adequate food and clothing program

　　知識產權 intellectual property right

　　綜合國力 comprehensive national strength

　　最低生活保障制度 systems for ensuring a minimum standard of living

　　政企分開 separate government functions from enterprise management

　　與時俱進 keep pace with the times

　　閑置人員 idle hand

　　養老保險 endowment insurance

　　以經濟建設為中心 focus on the central task of economic construction

　　下崗職工基本生活費 subsistence allowance for laid-off workers

　　世界觀﹑人生觀﹑價值觀 world outlook, outlook on life and values

　　實事求是 seek truth from facts

　　試點工程 pilot project

　　政府廉潔高效 clean and efficient government

　　戰略伙伴關系 strategic partnership

　　經濟貿易類

　　改革產業結構 reform the structure of industries

　　虧損企業 loss-making enterprises

　　搞活企業 enliven enterprises

　　加快現代化步伐 quicken the modernization drive

　　跨國公司 transnational corporation / multinational corporation

　　鄉鎮企業 township enterprises

　　國有企業 state-owned enterprises

　　合資企業 joint ventures

　　解放生產力 emancipate/ liberate productivity

　　振興國家經濟 invigorate our state economy

　　實行股份制 introduce the shareholding system

　　全面深化改革 deepen reform all round

　　提高經濟效益 improve economic results

　　增進效益 increase economic returns

　　宏觀經濟調控 macro-economic control and management

　　經濟實力 economic strength

　　經濟轉軌 economic transformation

　　經營機制 operative mechanism

　　整頓經濟秩序 rectify economic order

　　引進競爭機制 introduce a competitive mechanism

　　建立技術密集型企業 set up technologically-intensive enterprises

　　招商引資 canvass business and introduce investment

　　房地產 real estate

　　經濟特區 special economic zone

　　基礎設施 infrastructure facilities

　　劣質工程 jerry-built projects

　　投資熱點 investment hot spot

　　外向型經濟 export-oriented economy

　　按勞分配 distribute according to the work performance

　　打破平均主義 break / abandon equalitarian

　　沿海開放城市 open coastal cities

　　保稅區 bonded zone/ area

　　金融改革 banking system

　　國民生產總值 Gross National Product

　　扶貧項目 anti-poverty project

　　下海經商 plunge into the private business

　　協調發展 coordinate the development

　　住房改革 housing reform

　　社會保障體系 social security system

　　數字時代 digital times

　　信息高速公路 the information superhighway

　　虛擬社區 virtual communities

　　“菜藍子”工程 the “shopping-basket” project ( the non-staple food project)

　　拳頭產品 knock-out products/ competitive products

　　市場蕭條 slack market

　　中國質量萬里行 China’s Long March to Quality campaign

　　冒牌產品 fake brand-name products

　　假冒偽劣商品 fake and poor quality commodities

　　謀取暴力 reap colossal profits

　　提出索賠 lodge a claim

　　投訴 lodge complaint

　　貿易爭端 trade disputes

　　亂收費 random charges

　　市場疲軟 sluggish market

　　55 .貿易順差 favorable trade balance

　　貿易逆差 unfavorable trade balance

　　實行優惠政策 launch a preferential policy

　　繁榮市場 flourish the market

　　加入世貿組織 accession to the WTO/ entry into the WTO

　　最惠國待遇 Most-Favored-Nation treatment

　　消費者協會 consumer’s association

　　消費者購買力 consumer purchasing power

　　新興市場 emerging market

　　抑制消費 control / inhibit consumption

　　無形資產 intangible assets

　　有形資產 tangible assets

　　市場占有率 market share

　　嚴重違約 grave breach of contract

　　泡沫經濟 bubble economy

　　品牌效應 brand effect

　　企業重組 reshuffle of enterprises

　　貿易壁壘 trade barrier

　　人才流失 brain drain

　　清理“三角債” break up the debt chain

　　企業文化 corporate culture

　　商業炒作 commercial speculation

　　擴大內需，刺激消費 expand domestic demand and consumption

　　拉動經濟增長 fuel economic growth

　　連鎖反應 chain reaction / domino effect

　　競爭優勢 competitive edge

　　經濟結構調整 economic restructuring

　　經濟增長點 economic growth point ; growth engine

　　經濟過熱 overheated economy

　　經濟滑坡 economic downturn

　　集約化經營 intensive management

　　灰色收入 gray income

　　福利分房 welfare-oriented public housing distribution system

　　分期付款 installment payment

　　從粗放經濟轉變為集約經濟 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy

　　按揭購房 buy a house on a mortgage ; mortgage a house

　　邊際效益 marginal benefit

　　不良貸款 non-performing loan

　　裁減冗員 lay off redundant staff; cut down on overstaffing

　　物品更新換代 upgrade of products

　　創業園 high-tech business incubator; pioneer park

　　促進全球經濟一體化 foster integration with the global economy

　　家庭聯產承包責任制 household contract responsibility system

　　人才戰 competition for talented people

　　脫貧致富 shake/cast off poverty and set out a road to prosperity

　　資源優化配置 optimizing the allocation of resources

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