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職稱英語衛(wèi)生類B級(jí)考試真題補(bǔ)全短文
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1．I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and veryfunnydialogues.
A．boring
B．humorous
C．original
D．long
2．In the process, the light energyconvertsto heat energy.
A．reduces
B． drops
C． leaves
D．changes
3．Patriciastared at the other girls withresentment.
A．doubt
B．surprise
C．love
D．a(chǎn)nger
4．The thief was finallycapturedtwo miles away from the village.
A．killed
B．caught
C．found
D．jailed
5．Such a database would be extremely costly toset up.
A. destroy
B．transfer
C．update
D．establish
6．If we leave now, we shouldmissthe the traffic.
A．a(chǎn)void
B．mix
C．stop
D．direct
7. Hes spent yearscultivatinga knowledge of art.
A．using
B．denying
C． sharing
D．developing
8.The two banks have announced plans tomergenext year.
A．close
B．sell
C．combine
D．break
9.Many cities haverestrictedsmoking in public places.
A．a(chǎn)llowed
B．kept
C．limited
D．stopped
10. 1 want to provide my boys with adecenteducation.
A．special
B．general
C．private
D．good
11． What are mychancesof promotion if I stay here?
A． advertisement
B． replacement
C．a(chǎn)dvancement
D．retirement
12．Weve seen amarkedshift in our approach to the social issues.
A．regular
B．clear
C．quick
D．great
13. Her father was a quiet man withgracefulmanners.
A．similar
B．bad
C．polite
D．usual
14. There was aprofoundsilence after his remark.
A．short
B．sudden
C． deep
D．proud
15． The document wascompilededby the Department of Health.
A．printed
B． sent
C．written
D． attached
第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16~22題，每題1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。
Breast Cancer Deaths Record Low
The number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year for the first time since records began.
The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11 ,990 women died in the UK in 2007.
The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1971-the year records began-after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s.
Professor Peter Johnson, Cancer Research UKs chief clinician, said, Its incredibly encoura- ging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years, despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often.
Research has played a crucial role in this progress leading to improved treatments and better management for women with the disease.
"The introduction of the NHS（國民保健制度）breast screening program has also contributed as women are more likely to survive the earlier cancer is diagnosed."
Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45,500 women every year diag nosed with the disease-a 50% rise in 25 years.
The number of deaths peaked in 1989, when 15,625 women died. It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004.
There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two vears of falls.
Dr Sarah Cant, policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer, said, "It is great news that fewer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments, breast screening and awareness of the disease.
"However, this is still too many women and incidence（發(fā)生率）of the disease is increasing year by year."
The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity（肥胖）and alcohol consumption.
16. 11,990 women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2007.
A. Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
17. Breast cancer deaths began to be recorded in the UK in 1971.
A. Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
18. The rate of breast cancer diagnosis in the UK has been dropping.
A. Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
19. Breast cancer can come back 10 years after you were first diagnosed.
A. Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
20. Breast cancer is more common in the UK than in many other countries.
A. Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
21. Fewer women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2005 than in 2004.
A. Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
22. Obesity and alcohol consumption may also lead to some other diseases.
A. Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
笫3部分：概括大意與完成句子【第23 ~30題，每題1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測試任務(wù)：
(1)第23 -26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第1-4段每段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題；
(2)第27 - 30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。
Parkinsons Disease
1 Parkinsons disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine. Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinsons, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to.
2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including agin g and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinsons disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.
3 rremor may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. More importantly, not everyone with a tremor has Parkinsons disease. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinsons affects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation. In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinsons may have a fixed or blank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people also have a decrease in mental skills ( dementia).
4 At this time, there is no cure for Parkinsons disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild. Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life. Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.
23. Paragraph I_____________.
24. Paragraph 2_____________.
25. Paragraph 3_____________.
26. Paragraph 4_____________.
A. Tips for Patients with the Disease
B. Common Treatment for the Disease
C. Means of Diagnosis of the Disease
D. Typical Symptoms of the Disease
E. Possible Causes of the Disease
F. Definition of Parkinsons Disease
27. YouII find it hard to move the way you want to_____________.
28. A lot of research is being done to find ou_____________t .
29. One of the most common signs of Parkinsons is tremor_____________.
30. A person with Parkinsons has to learn to live with the disease,_____________.
A. if there isnt enough dopamine m your body
B. what affects muscles all through your body
C. which cannot be cured yet
D. if you have a fixed or blank expression
E. which may be the first symptom you notice
F. what causes Parkinsons disease
第 4部分:閱讀理解 (第 31~45題,每題 3分 ,共 45分)
Human Heart Can Make New Cells
Solving a longstanding mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age.
The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack ,experts say.
"We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes, are renewed, " said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. "It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are bom with or if they could be renewed." he said.
The process of renewing these cells changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20-year-old, about 1 percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover rate decreases with age to only 0. 45 percent by age 75.
"If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated , it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after for example, a heart attack, " Frisen said.
That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts.
"A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure," noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj.
Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. " Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying, "he said.
With this finding, scientists are "opening the door to potential therapies to having ourselves heal ourselves, " Bhardwaj said. " Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing."
But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj , scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts-whether the rate of cell tumover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.
31. The human heart stops producing cardiac cells
A. when a person becomes old
B. as soon as a person gets sick
C. immediately after a person is born
D. once a person dies
32. The finding could prove to be useful to
A. the analysis of cardiac cells
B. the prevention of chronic diseases
C. the treatment of heart disease
D. the study of longstanding mysteries
33. In people in their mid-70s, only 0. 45 percent of cardiomyocytes _ .
A. are still functional
B. are reduced each year
C. are replaced each year
D. are damaged each year
34. Chronic heart failure is attributed to
A. the dying heart cells
B. the effect of pharmceutical
C. the weight of a patient
D. the life span of a person
35. It is not known yet if the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts
A. is high enough to replace cells faster than theyre dying off
B. is of any use to researchers
C. is the same as that in healthy hearts
D. changes over time
第二篇
The Ice Man
On a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountain between Austria and Italy. High up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet, or 3,200 meters) , the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than just .usual and so the body had come to the surface.
It was lying face down. The skeleton(骨架) was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head. There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark(樹皮) and a holder for arrows.
Who was the man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I, since several soldier had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older,maybe even a thousand years old.
With modern dating techniques, the scientists soon learned that the iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 B. C. he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story. A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that the was probably in some kind of battle. It may have been part of a large war, or he may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himself.
By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in. we may never know the full story of how he died, but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times.
36. The body of the Iceman was found in the mountains mainly because
A. the melted ice made him visible
B. two Germans were climbing the mountains
C. he was lying on the ice
D. he was just on a mountain pass
37. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A. The Iceman was killed while working.
B. The Iceman lived a poor life.
C. The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head.
D. The Iceman was struck dead from behind.
38. All the following are assumptions once made about the Iceman EXCEPT .
A. he was a soldier in World War I
B. he was a Swiss womans long-lost father
C. he was born about a thousand years ago
D. he came from Italy
39. The scientists made the deduction that the Iceman
A. was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead .
B. was probably in some kind of a battle
C. had got a wound on the back of his head
D. had a tiny hole in his skin causing his death
40. The word"bandits" in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by
A. robbers
B. soldiers
C. hunters
D. shooters
第三篇
Holding on to hope may not make patients happier as they deal with chronic illness or diseases, according to a new study by University of Michigan Health System researchers.
" Hope is an important part of happiness, "said Peter A. Ubel, M. D. director of the U-M Center for Behavioral and Decision Sciences in Medicine and one of the authors of the happily hopeless study, "but theres a dark side of hope. Sometimes, if hope makes people put off getting on with their life, it can get in the way of happiness. "
The results showed that people do not adapt well to situations if they are believed to be shortterm. Ubel and his co-authors-both from U-M and Carnegie Mellon University-studied patients who had new colostomies: their colons were removed and they had to have bowel movements in a pouch that lies outside their body.
At the time they received their colostomy, some patients were told that the colostomy was reversible-that they would undergo a second operation to reconnect their bowels after several months. Others were told that the colostomy was permanent and that they would never have normal bowel function again. The second group-the one without hope-reported being happier over the next six months than those with reversible colostomies.
"We think they were happier because they got on with their lives. They realized the cards they were dealt, and recognized that they had no choice but to play with those cards," says Ubel, who is also a professor in the Department of Intemal Medicine.
"The other group was waiting for their colostomy to be reversed, " he added. "They contrasted their current life with the life they hoped to lead, and didnt make the best of their current situation. "
"Hopeful messages may not be in the best interests of the patient and may interfere with the patients emotional adaptation, " Ubel says."I dont think we should take hope away. But I think we have to be careful about building up peoples hope so much that they put off living their lives. "
41. Chronically ill patients may be happier
A. if they keep thinking of their past
B. if they believe theyIl recover
C. if they put off moving on
D. if they manage to get on with their life
42. What had happened to the patients under study?
A. They had just survived an accident.
B. They had just had an operation.
C. They had just injured their colons.
D. They had just made some pouches.
43. One group of the patients was happier because
A. they made the best of their current situation
B. they were good at playing cards
C. they regained normal bowel function
D. they were promised another operation
44. The other group was not as happy because .
A. they accepted their current situation
B. they were anxious to get better
C. they missed their previous life
D. they refused to play cards
45. What could be the message of the passage?
A. Giving up hope means giving up happiness.
B. Letting go of hope is at times a better choice.
C. Hope is what makes people on.
D. Hope frequently gets in the way of happiness.
第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文（第46~50題，每題2分,共10分）
下面的短文有5處空白,短文后有6個(gè)句子,其中5個(gè)取自短文 ,據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。
Semco
At 21, Ricardo Semler became boss of his fathers business in Brazil, Semco, which sold parts for ships. Semler Junior worked like a madman, from 7 :30 am, until midnight every day. One afternoon, while touring a factory in New York, he collapsed. The doctor who treated him said, "
Theres nothing wrong with you. But if you continue, like this, youll find a new home in our hospital. " Semler got the message. He changed the way he worked. In fact, he changed the ways his employees worked too.
He let his workers take more responsibility so that they would be the ones worring when things went wrong. He allowed them to set their own salaries, and he cut all the jobs he thought were unnecessary, like receptionists and secretaries. (46) "Everyone at Semco, even top managers, meets guests in reception, does the photocopying, sends faxes, types letters and dials the phone. "
He completely reorganized the office: instead of walls, they have plants at Semco, so bosses cannt shut themselves away from everyone else (47) As for uniforms, some people wear suits and others wear T-shirts.
Semler says, " We have a sales manager named Rubin Agater who sits there reading the newspaper hour after hour. He doesnt even pretend to be busy. But when a Semco pump on the othe other side of the world failes millions of gallons of oil are about to spill into the sea. Rubin springs into action. (48) Thats when he earns his salary. No one cares if he doesnt look busy the rest of the time. "
Semco has flexible working hours : the employees decide when they need to arrive at work. The employees also evaluate their bosses twice a year. (49)
It sounds perfect, but does it work? The answer is in the numbers: in the last six years,
Semcos revenues have gone from $ 35 million to $212 million. The company has grown from 800 employees t0 3,000. Why?
Semler says its because of "peer pressure" . Peer pressure makes employees work hard for everyone else. (50) In other words, Ricardo Semler treats his workers like adults and expects them to act like adults. And they do.
A. If somone isnt doing his job well, the other workers will not allow the situation to continue.
B. This saved money and brought more equality to the company.
C. And the workers are free to decorate their workspace as they want.
D. He knows everything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them.
E. Most managers spend their time making it difficult for workers to work.
F. Also, Semco lets its workers use the companys machiners for their own projects, and makes
them take holidays for at least thirty days a year.
第6部分：完形填空（51~65題，每題1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng).
Nurse ! I Want My Mummy
When a child is ill in hospital, a parents first reaction is to be (5l)them.
Most hospitals now allow parents to sleep ( 52) with their child , providing a bed or so fa on the ward.
But until the 1970s this (53)was not only frowned upon-it was actively discouraged. Staff worried that the children were (54) when their parents left , and so there was a blanket ban.
A concemed nurse, Pamela Hawthorn, disagreed and her study " Nurse! I want my mummy"published in 1974 , ( 55) the face of paediatric nursing.
Martin Johnson, a professor of nursing at the University of Salford, said that the work of (56)like Pamela had changed the face of patient care.
"Pamelas study was done against the (57) of a lively debate in paediatrics and psy-chology as to the degree women should spend with children in the outside world and the degree to which they should be allowed to visit children in (58) . "
. "The idea was that if mum came to (59)a small child in hospital the child would beupset and inconsolable for hours. "
"Yet the nurse noticed that if mum did not come at (60) the child stayed in a rela tively stable state but they might be depressed. "
"Of course we know now that they had almost given up hope (61) mum was eve coming back. "
"To avoid a little bit of pain they said that no-one should visit."
"But children were alone and depressed so Hawthorn said parents should be (62) to visit."
"Dr Peter Carter, chief executive and general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing, saidher (63) had been seminal. "
"Her research put an end to the (64) when parents handed their children over to strangers at the door of the hospital ward. "
" As a result of her work, parents and carers are now recognised as partners m care and are af forded the opportunity to stay with their children whilst they are in hospital, (65) has dramatically improved both parents and childrens experience of care. "
51. A. with B. over C. upon D. for
52. A. soundly B. overtime C. fortnight D. overnight
53. A. order B. thought C. exercise D. practice
54. A. hungry B. upset C. surprised . D. happy
55. A. changed B. examined C. covered D. cleaned
56. A. parents B. nurses C. doctors D. teachers
57. A. field B. background C. circles D. history
58. A. hospital B. family C. group D. school
59. A. worry B. control C. visit D. take
60. A. all B. large C. will D. it
61. A. useless B. that C. because D. whether
62. A. forced B. guided C. persuaded D. allowed
63. A. work B. condition C. doubt D. dream
64. A. months B. weeks C. days D. hours
65. A. which B. this C. what D. thus
2010年全國職稱英語衛(wèi)生類（B級(jí)）考試參考答案
第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)
1． B [解析]我喜歡這個(gè)戲劇，它情節(jié)巧妙，臺(tái)詞幽默。boririg：乏味的，無聊的，如： It，s a boring film.這是一部乏味的電影。humorou：幽默的，如：He is a humorous man.他這個(gè)人很幽默。original：最初的，獨(dú)創(chuàng)的，如：If the painting is an original，it will be very valuable.如果這幅畫是真跡，那么一定會(huì)價(jià)值連城。long：長的，長時(shí)間的，如：She is a girl with long hair.她留著長頭發(fā)。只有humorous和funny意思上最為接近。
2． D [解析]在這一過程中，光能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闊崮堋educe：減少，如：He is trying to reduce expenses.他正試圖減少開支。drop：降落，降低，如：The bottle dropped and broke.瓶子掉下來摔碎了。leave：離開，如：Mr. Smith left the room at two oclock.史密斯先生兩點(diǎn)離開了房間。change：改變，如：In autumn the leaves change from green to brown.秋天樹葉由綠色變成黃褐色。只有change和convert意思上最為接近。
3． D[解析] Patricia充滿仇恨．地盯著其他女孩子。doubt：疑問，不確定，如：The out come of the election remains in doubt.選舉的結(jié)果仍然不能肯定。surprise：驚訝，如：To my surprise，he refused to cooperate with us.令我吃驚的是，他不肯與我們合作。love：愛，如：My mothers love for me was very great.我母親對我的愛是很深的。anger：怒氣，如：I couldnt restrain my anger.我無法抑制我的憤怒。只有anger和resentment意思上最為接近。
4． B [解析]小偷最后在距離村子兩英里的地方被抓獲了。kill：殺死，如：He was killed in the air crash．他在空難中死去。catch：抓住，如：III throw the ball and you catch it．我扔球你接。find：發(fā)現(xiàn)：如：Newton found that all masses attract each other.牛頓發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的物質(zhì)都相互吸引。jail：監(jiān)禁，如：He was jailed for twenty years.他被監(jiān)禁了20年。只有catch和capture意思上最為接近。
5． D [解析]要建立這么一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫花銷會(huì)非常大。destroy：破壞，如：A fire destroyed the house.一場火毀壞了那座房屋。transfer：轉(zhuǎn)移，調(diào)動(dòng)，如：She has been transferred to another department．她已被調(diào)往另一部門。update：更新，如：The data should be updated once a week.這些數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該每星期更新一次。establish：建立，如：Our hospital was established in 1950．我們的醫(yī)院建于一九五O年。只有establish和set up意思上最為接近。
6． A [解析]如果現(xiàn)在出發(fā)，我們應(yīng)該可以避開交通高峰期。avoid：避免，如：She braked suddenly and avoided an accident.她緊急剎車，避免了一場車禍。mix：混合，如：You can，t mix oil with water.你不能把油和水混合。stop：停止，如：My watch has stopped.我的表停了。direct：指引，指導(dǎo)，如：Would you please direct me to the zoo?請問去動(dòng)物園怎么走？只有avoid和miss意思上最為接近。
7． D [解析]他花了好多年的時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)知識(shí)。use：使用，如：May I use your pen? 我用一下你的筆可以嗎？deny：否認(rèn)，如：No one can deny the fact that fire burns.無人能否認(rèn)火能燃燒的事實(shí)。share：分享，如：Sam and I share a room.山姆和我合住一間房間。develop：發(fā)展，如：Her friendship with David developed slowly.她與戴維的友誼發(fā)展緩慢。只有develop和cultivate意思上最為接近。
8． C [解析]這兩家銀行已經(jīng)宣布了明年合并的計(jì)劃。close：關(guān)閉，如：She closed the door softly.她輕輕地關(guān)上門。sell：賣，如：It is not price but quality that sells our shoes.我們的鞋好賣不是因?yàn)閮r(jià)錢低而是因?yàn)橘|(zhì)量好。combine：聯(lián)合，如：Some films combine education with recreation.有些電影把教育與娛樂結(jié)合起來。break：打破，如：The plate broke to pieces when it fell on the floor.盤子落在地上摔碎了。只有combine和merge意思上最為接近。
9． C [解析]很多城市限制在公共場所吸煙。allow：允許，如：Swimming is not allowed at this beach.這片海灘禁止游泳。keep：保留，如：We keep food in a refrigerator.我們把食物存放在冰箱里。limit：限制，如：The teacher limited his students t0 500 words for their compositions.老師把學(xué)生的作文限制在五百字以內(nèi)。stop：停止，如：Stop for a while and take a rest.停一會(huì)兒休息休息。只有l(wèi)imit和restrict意思上最為接近。
10.D [解析]我想給我的兒子們提供好的教育。special：特殊的，特別的，如：He never drinks except on special occasions.除非在特殊場合，他從不喝酒。general：普遍的，一般的，如：This is a general magazine.這是一本普通雜志。private：私下的，私人的，如：Thats my private vlew.那是我個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)。good：好的，如：Exercise is good for health.運(yùn)動(dòng)有益于健康。只有g(shù)ood和decent意思上最為接近。
11．C [解析]如果我留在這里，那么提拔的幾率有多大？advertisement：廣告，如：Adver-tisement helps to sell goods.廣告有助于推銷商品。replacement：替代品，替代者，如：My secre tary leaves us next week，so we are advertising for a replacement.我的秘書下星期要走，所以我們現(xiàn)在正登廣告招聘一位替代者。advancement：進(jìn)步，晉升，如：His advancement to major came two years ago.他于兩年前被提升為少校。retirement：退休，如：She took to painting after retirement.她退休后愛上繪畫。只有advancement和promotion意思上最為接近。
12.B [解析]我們已經(jīng)看到解決社會(huì)問題的方法有了明顯的改變。regular：規(guī)律的，如：Hes got no regular job.他沒有固定的工作。clear：清楚的，如：We had a clear view of the mountains.我們清楚地看到群山。quick：快速的，如：He is quick to understand.他理解能力強(qiáng)。great：好的，偉大的，如：Einstein was agreat scientist.愛因斯坦是個(gè)優(yōu)秀的科學(xué)家。只有clear和marked意思上最為接近。
13.C [解析]她的父親沉默寡言、舉止文雅。similar：類似的，如：My view is similar to yours.我的看法與你相似。bad：壞的，糟糕的，如：The weather was really bad.天氣真糟。polite：禮貌的，如：Hes always so polite to people.他對人總是非常有禮貌。usual：平時(shí)的，如：Shall we meet at the usual time and place?我們在老地方、老時(shí)間見面好嗎？只有polite和grace ful意思上最為接近。
14.C [解析]他講完話后的沉默意味深長。short：短暫的，如：The railway station is only a short distance from here.火車站離這里很近。sudden：突然的，如：His rise to power was very sudden.他的掌權(quán)十分突然。deep：深刻的，深?yuàn)W的，如：Mathematics is too deep for me.我覺得數(shù)學(xué)太深?yuàn)W。proud：驕傲的，如：Hes too proud to speak to poor people like us.他太驕傲了，從不與我們這樣的窮人說話。只有deep和profound意思上最為接近。
15.C[解析]該文件是由衛(wèi)生部起草的。print：打印，如：The book was printed on rough yellow paper.這本書用粗糙的黃紙印刷。send：寄送，發(fā)送，如：She sent me a Christmas card.她給我寄來一張圣誕賀卡。write：寫，如：He wr，te lots of poems in his life.他一生中寫了許多詩。attach：貼上，系上，如：HeII attach the label to your Iuggage.他會(huì)把標(biāo)簽系在你的行李上。只有write和compile意思上最為接近。
第2部分：閱讀判斷
16.A[解析]在英國，2007年有11，990名女士死于乳腺癌。根據(jù)第二段：The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11．990 women died in the UK in 2007.英國癌癥研究中心的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2007年英國婦女的死亡人數(shù)是11，990。雖然沒有專門強(qiáng)調(diào)這一死亡人數(shù)是由于乳腺癌而死亡，不過根據(jù)句子中的Cancer Research和第一段的內(nèi)容推斷這里即乳腺癌患者的死亡人數(shù)。因此該論斷是正確的。
17．A[解析]在英國，乳腺癌患者的死亡率統(tǒng)計(jì)是從1971年開始的。根據(jù)文章第三段中：The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1971-the year records began…。先前的最低點(diǎn)是在1971年，即開始做該統(tǒng)計(jì)的那一年。由此得知該論斷是正確的。
18.B [解析]在英國被診斷為乳腺癌的比例一直在降低。根據(jù)第四段：- despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often�！M管被診斷為乳腺癌的病例越來越常見。由此可知該論斷是錯(cuò)誤的。
19.C [解析]該論斷文章中未提及。
20.C[解析]該論斷文章中未提及。
21.B [解析]2005年死于乳腺癌的患者少于2004年。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中：There was a slight rise in 2005.2005年人數(shù)輕微上升。由此可以推斷該論斷是錯(cuò)誤的。
22．C[解析]最后一段說obesity（肥胖）and alcohol consumption是誘發(fā)乳腺癌的原因之一，但并未提及其他疾病，因此選C。put down to的意思是"歸因于"。
參考譯文
乳腺癌死亡率創(chuàng)新低
婦女死于乳腺癌的記錄已經(jīng)下降到了歷史最低，一年中死于乳腺癌的人數(shù)降到不足12，000，這是有史第一次。
英國癌癥研究中心的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2007年英國婦女死于乳腺癌的人數(shù)是11，990。
先前的最低點(diǎn)是在1971年，即開始做該統(tǒng)計(jì)的那一年。之后，直到20世紀(jì)80年代末期，死亡率逐年攀升。
英國癌癥研究中心的首席臨床醫(yī)師彼得·約翰遜教授說，雖然被診斷為乳腺癌的病例越來越常見，但是看到死于乳腺癌的女性比過去40年的任何時(shí)候都少真是令人歡欣鼓舞。
科學(xué)研究在對女性患者進(jìn)行更有效地治療和更好地管理的過程中起到了至關(guān)重要的作用。
國民保健制度乳腺掃描計(jì)劃的引進(jìn)也做出了貢獻(xiàn)，因?yàn)樵缙谠\斷出的癌癥患者更容易生存下來。
在英國，乳腺癌是現(xiàn)在的最常見的癌癥，每年有45，500女性被診斷出患乳腺癌--這個(gè)數(shù)字在25年中增加了50%。死亡的人數(shù)在19xx年達(dá)到最高--15，625婦女死亡。接著死亡人數(shù)每年減少200到400人，這持續(xù)到2004年。這一數(shù)字在2005年有輕微的上升，然后是兩年的下降。
"突破乳腺癌"的政策經(jīng)理莎拉·肯特博士說："越來越少的婦女死于乳腺癌，對改善治療、乳腺掃描和疾病意識(shí)的影響力的著重強(qiáng)調(diào)，都是令人振奮的消息。"
"然而，仍然有很多婦女患病，這種疾病的發(fā)生率仍在逐年增加。"
不斷上升的乳腺癌發(fā)生率歸因于多種因素，其中包括肥胖和飲酒。
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子
23.F[解析]第一段的大意即：什么是帕金森綜合征？因此選F。
24.E [解析]第二段的大意即：什么原因?qū)е屡两鹕Y？因此選E。
25.D [解析]第三段的大意即：帕金森綜合征的典型癥狀是什么？因此選D。
26.B[解析]第四段的大意即：如何治療帕金森癥？因此選B。
27.A [解析]如果你的體內(nèi)沒有足夠多的多巴胺，那么你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)活動(dòng)起來有困難。根據(jù)第一段最后一句：Then you no longer have enough dopamine，and you have trouble moving the way you want to．因此選A。
28．F[解析]人們正在進(jìn)行大量的研究來發(fā)現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致帕金森綜合征的原因。根據(jù)第二段前三句話及后面提到的aging，poisons in environment等可推斷應(yīng)選F。
29.E[解析]帕金森癥最主要的一個(gè)癥狀就是顫抖，顫抖也可能是你注意到的最初癥狀。根據(jù)是第三段的第一句話：Tremor may be the first symptom you notice.可知E正確。
30.C [解析]得了帕金森癥的病人必須要學(xué)會(huì)適應(yīng)這種疾病，因?yàn)檫@還是一種不治之癥。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句：At this time，there is no cure for Parkinsons disease.可知應(yīng)選C。
參考譯文
帕金森氏綜合征
帕金森氏綜合征會(huì)影響你行動(dòng)的方式。當(dāng)大腦的某些神經(jīng)細(xì)胞出現(xiàn)問題時(shí)，這種疾病就會(huì)爆發(fā)。正常情況下，這些神經(jīng)細(xì)胞會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種叫多巴胺的重要的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。多巴胺會(huì)向你的大腦中控制行為的部分發(fā)出信號(hào)。它使你的肌肉能活動(dòng)自如，做你想做的事。一旦你患上帕金森氏綜合征，這些神經(jīng)細(xì)胞就會(huì)出問題。接著，你不再有足夠的多巴胺，并開始行動(dòng)困難。
沒人知道什么促使這些神經(jīng)細(xì)胞出現(xiàn)問題。但是，科學(xué)家們做了很多研究來尋找答案。
他們研究了很多可能的病因，包括年齡老化和環(huán)境污染。在某些人身上，似乎是不正常的基因?qū)е铝伺两鹕暇C合征的發(fā)病。但是目前沒有足夠的證據(jù)表明它是遺傳的。
顫抖可能是你注意到的第一個(gè)癥狀。雖然并不是每一位患者都有這種癥狀，但是它是這種疾病最常見的表現(xiàn)之一。更重要的是，并不是每一個(gè)顫抖的人都患有帕金森氏綜合征。顫抖往往從一條胳膊，一條腿或身體的一側(cè)開始。這種情況在你醒著但是沒有移動(dòng)受影響的胳膊或者腿時(shí)更嚴(yán)重些。但是當(dāng)你移動(dòng)肢體或睡眠時(shí)情況會(huì)有所緩和。不久，帕金森氏綜合征會(huì)影響你的全身肌肉，導(dǎo)致吞咽困難及便秘。在疾病后期，患這種病的人可能會(huì)有表情僵化，言語困難及其他一些問題。一些患者也會(huì)思維退化。
現(xiàn)在還沒有辦法治愈帕金森氏綜合征。但是有幾種藥物能控制癥狀并讓患者好受些。如果你的癥狀很輕微的話，你可能根本不需要治療。直到你的癥狀影響到你的日常生活方式時(shí)，醫(yī)生才會(huì)給你開藥。伴隨著你的癥狀的惡化，醫(yī)生將會(huì)調(diào)整用藥。為了得到最好的療效你得吃幾種藥。
第4部分：閱讀理解
第一篇
31.D [解析]根據(jù)是第一段中：…the human heart continues to generate new cardiac cells throughout the life span。在人的整個(gè)生命進(jìn)程中，其心臟不時(shí)產(chǎn)生新的心肌細(xì)胞。言外之意，這個(gè)過程直到人死才會(huì)停止。
32.C [解析]根據(jù)是第二段中：The finding，…，could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases 這一研究成果將為心臟病的醫(yī)治開拓新的途徑。
33.C[解析]第四段說，一個(gè)人20歲時(shí)，其每年被更替的心肌細(xì)胞為1%，隨著年齡的增長，該更替率( turnover rate)不斷下降，等到75歲時(shí)，只有0.45%。
34.A [解析]倒數(shù)第三段說：Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying。慢性心衰是由心肌細(xì)胞死亡導(dǎo)致的。
35.C[解析]最后一句說：心臟產(chǎn)生的新細(xì)胞的數(shù)量是按照健康心臟計(jì)算的，而有心臟病的細(xì)胞更替率是否與健康心臟相同還不得而知。
參考譯文
人類心臟可以制造新的細(xì)胞
科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)在人的整個(gè)生命進(jìn)程中，心臟會(huì)持續(xù)產(chǎn)生新的心肌細(xì)胞，盡管新細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的速度會(huì)隨著年齡的增長而降低，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)解決了很長時(shí)間以來的一個(gè)謎團(tuán)。
這一研究成果發(fā)表于《科學(xué)》雜志四月三號(hào)那一期，專家稱，這一研究成果將為心臟�。ɡ缧呐K衰竭和心臟病發(fā)作）的醫(yī)治開拓新的途徑。
研究負(fù)責(zé)人Jonas Frisen博士是瑞典斯德哥爾摩卡羅琳斯卡研究院研究干細(xì)胞的教授。
他說："我們發(fā)現(xiàn)心臟中的心肌細(xì)胞會(huì)被更替。在此之前我們不知道我們生來就擁有的心肌細(xì)胞是固定的還是可以更新。"
Frisen補(bǔ)充說，這些細(xì)胞的更替過程會(huì)隨著時(shí)間而變化。一個(gè)人20歲時(shí)，其每年被更替的心肌細(xì)胞大約為1%，隨著年齡的增長，該更替率不斷下降，等到75歲時(shí)，只有0. 45%。
Frisen說："如果我們知道新的心肌細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的規(guī)律，也許就有可能研發(fā)出在心臟病發(fā)后能促進(jìn)細(xì)胞生成的藥物。"
那將有助于受損心臟恢復(fù)。
該研究論文的合著者Ratan Bhardwaj博士說："很多人都在忍受慢性心衰的折磨。"
Ratan Bhardwaj也是來自于卡羅琳斯卡研究院，他說："慢性心衰是由心肌細(xì)胞死亡引發(fā)的。"
有了這一發(fā)現(xiàn)，"科學(xué)家即將開啟一扇通往自愈潛在療法的大門"，Bhardwaj說："也許我們可以設(shè)計(jì)出一種藥物制劑使心臟細(xì)胞生成出更多更新的細(xì)胞來克服它們面臨的問題。"
不過障礙依然存在。根據(jù)Bhardwaj的觀點(diǎn)，科學(xué)家還不知道如何才能使心臟細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的速度超過其死亡的速度，尤其是對于患有心臟病的老年人。此外，心臟產(chǎn)生的新細(xì)胞的數(shù)量是按照健康心臟計(jì)算的，而有心臟病的細(xì)胞更替率能否與健康心臟相同還不得而知。
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