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id="5vajrimf" class="article"> <script type="text/javascript">s("title_top");</script> <h1 class="title">如何鑒別常見(jiàn)中藥真?zhèn)?/h1> <div id="5vajrimf" class="info"> <span id="5vajrimf" class="time">時(shí)間：2023-03-05 09:08:28 </span> <span id="5vajrimf" class="sm_after_time"></span> <span id="5vajrimf" class="source"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.1-jiu.com/edu/zhongyaoshi/" title="中藥師">中藥師</a></span> <span id="5vajrimf" class="source"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.1-jiu.com/usr/login.html" title="我要投稿">我要投稿</a></span> </div> <script type="text/javascript">s("content_top");</script> <div id="5vajrimf" class="content"> <div id="5vajrimf" class="excellent_articles_box"> <ul> <li id="5vajrimf" class="excellent_articles_title">相關(guān)推薦</li> </ul> </div> <p>如何鑒別常見(jiàn)中藥真?zhèn)?/p> <p>　　隨著中醫(yī)藥事業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展，人們對(duì)中藥治療疾病和其保健作用越來(lái)越認(rèn)可，中藥飲片的需求量也隨之不斷增加，甚至出現(xiàn)了對(duì)名貴藥材的追捧，從而使一些不法之徒乘機(jī)發(fā)不義之財(cái)，以差充好，以假當(dāng)真，甚至圖財(cái)害命。下面是yjbys小編為大家?guī)?lái)的如何鑒別常見(jiàn)中藥真?zhèn)�，歡迎閱讀。</p><p>　　黨參中摻土牛膝，黨參正品：外皮灰褐色或灰棕色，根頭部有獅子盤頭蘆，根頭下有致密環(huán)狀橫紋向下漸稀疏，有的達(dá)全體之半，全體有縱紋，散在有眉狀的疤痕，支根斷落后常見(jiàn)黑褐色膠狀物，斷面黃白色有裂或菊花紋，中央有黃色圓心，有特殊香氣，味微甜。</p><p>　　偽品：外皮黃色或棕黃色，根頭部無(wú)獅子盤頭蘆，而具地上莖葉殘基，近根頭部有環(huán)狀橫紋，表面有明顯的橫向皮孔，質(zhì)柔軟，易折斷，斷面黃白色，中間本心黃色，味微甜后而苦。</p><p>　　枸杞子中摻土枸杞，土枸杞個(gè)小，皮薄籽多。</p><p>　　紅參表面紅棕色半透明微有光澤，質(zhì)堅(jiān)硬，有韌性，折斷面紅棕色較平坦，角質(zhì)狀，無(wú)木質(zhì)芯，味甘微苦，多有“蘆頭”，蘆上可見(jiàn)“蘆碗”，常有“黃馬褂”。而蒸干的紅蘿卜無(wú)“蘆頭”，更無(wú)“蘆碗”，粉質(zhì)易折，斷面雖平坦，但可見(jiàn)有淀粉樣顆粒散落，表面無(wú)“黃馬褂”，自上而下有環(huán)狀紋，味甘不苦。若加水略潤(rùn)呈糊狀表面。其它肉質(zhì)根莖的蒸干品外觀看似紅參，但多中空或有木質(zhì)芯。紅花常見(jiàn)摻入紅色“四季菊”(菊科植物，多為家庭觀賞花卉)的干燥花瓣。紅花加入水浸泡后，對(duì)光透視水呈金黃色，紅花顏色不但不褪反而更加鮮艷。而四季菊花瓣水浸后色褪或暗紅色。</p><p>　　天麻常見(jiàn)摻入蒸干捏制成形的“旱薯”(薯蕷科植物，農(nóng)家多以為食)，天麻有“鸚哥嘴”，末端有圓臍形皰痕，淡黃色，略透明或半透明，質(zhì)堅(jiān)硬，不易折斷，表面有縱皺紋。而蒸干捏制成形的偽品易折，斷面粉質(zhì)，不透明，表面皺紋不自然，少數(shù)為了增重，還常有在天麻中扎入鐵釘或鐵絲者，折斷便知。</p><p>　　阿膠常見(jiàn)摻入其它動(dòng)物皮或肌腱制成的膠。成品阿膠多為長(zhǎng)方形塊狀，表面棕黑色，平滑有光澤。</p><p>　　西紅花為鳶尾科植物番紅花的干燥柱頭，始載于《本草綱目》，又名番紅花，主產(chǎn)于西班牙等西方國(guó)家，其色暗紅，故名。因?yàn)檫M(jìn)口藥材，藥源稀少，價(jià)格昂貴，市場(chǎng)上發(fā)現(xiàn)的偽品較多，如以蓮須切絲染色而成、紅花及化學(xué)紙漿做成的管狀花等，有的全部為偽品，有的將偽品摻雜在西紅花內(nèi)充做西紅花使用，嚴(yán)重影響醫(yī)療效果，危害人類健康。</p><p>　　何首烏有赤、白兩種。以赤者為佳，赤首烏呈團(tuán)塊狀或不規(guī)則紡綞形,表面紅棕色或紅褐色，斷面千紅棕色，有粉性，皮部有“云錦花紋”，氣微、味微苦澀;白首烏呈長(zhǎng)圓柱形或長(zhǎng)方綞形,表面土黃色或淡黃棕色，斷面類白色、粉性，有用“紅藥子”、“朱砂七”充當(dāng)何首烏的。當(dāng)歸里混獨(dú)活，當(dāng)歸外皮細(xì)密，黃棕色至深棕色，斷面黃白色或淡黃棕色，有濃郁香氣，用舌舔有甜味;而獨(dú)活色深，斷面灰白色，氣濁。</p><p>　　麥冬正品：紡錘形，兩端略尖，較瘦，中柱較粗，顯微鏡下觀察，韌皮部束16～22個(gè)，其他性狀見(jiàn)藥典。</p><p>　　偽品：性狀與正品基本相同，其不同點(diǎn)，兩端較鈍圓，比較胖，中柱細(xì)小，顯微鏡下觀察，韌皮部束10多個(gè)。</p><p>　　桔梗正品：根莖有蘆頭，上面生有多數(shù)半月形蘆碗，表面白色或淡黃色，細(xì)嫩，全體有皺紋和須根痕，質(zhì)輕易折斷，斷面皮層為白色，木部黃色，棕色形成層明顯，整個(gè)斷面似菊花紋，習(xí)稱“金井玉蘭”，味微甜而后苦，有菊糖反應(yīng)。</p><p>　　偽品：無(wú)蘆頭，頂端可見(jiàn)地上莖殘基，表面栓皮已刮去顯類白色，留有棕色栓皮殘痕，較粗糙，全體有扭曲的縱溝紋，質(zhì)堅(jiān)實(shí)不易折斷，斷面黃白相間，為異型維管束，味微苦而麻舌，無(wú)菊糖反應(yīng)。</p><p>　　胖大海正品：橢圓形，表面皺紋粗而疏，手搖無(wú)響聲，水浸泡膨脹呈海綿狀，膨脹速度較快，其體積比干品大2.5～3倍。</p><p>　　偽品：類圓形或近球形，表面有細(xì)密的網(wǎng)狀紋，手搖有滾動(dòng)聲，水浸泡呈現(xiàn)海綿狀，但膨脹速度緩慢，其體積比干品大1.5～2倍。</p><p>　　山甲摻假：為鹽、礬。砂燙后取出放入重鹽水或白礬水內(nèi)浸泡撈出晾干，用塑料做的。</p><p>　　識(shí)別：日光下細(xì)看表面有一層亮晶晶的白色物，用舌舔之，有明顯的咸味或苦澀味;塑料做的，用火燒之即可鑒別。</p><p>　　金銀花摻假：噴灑高糖水，噴灑糖蜜混合水，附加黃褐色細(xì)砂或玉米面類雜質(zhì)，噴灑鹽水。</p><p>　　識(shí)別：用手抓起，緊握則發(fā)現(xiàn)下列情況：質(zhì)脆易碎(夏天天潮除外)為高糖水;有濕感為鹽水;手感有粉狀物附著，為含有砂石粉或玉米面類雜質(zhì);成團(tuán)狀或極緩慢的松散開(kāi)或有粘手感，可能含有糖蜜水類雜質(zhì)。</p><p>　　茯苓摻假：一般產(chǎn)地加工沒(méi)有假貨，多為市場(chǎng)上藥販子自制假貨混入，假貨所有原料多為碎雜的茯苓面加面粉等加工制成，為不規(guī)則塊狀混入茯苓中。</p><p>　　識(shí)別：外觀：真品為較規(guī)則的塊狀或片狀，表面致密平坦或不規(guī)則的多棱角塊狀，白色或偶有帶粉紅色;假品一般無(wú)片狀，只有六棱體或多棱角不規(guī)則塊狀，表面不平坦，白色或帶有粉紅色。</p><p>　　口嘗：真品嚼之粘牙，偶有牙磣感或可見(jiàn)緊挾砂石粒;假品不粘牙，有牙磣者亦無(wú)明顯砂石狀物。</p><p>　　浸泡：真品經(jīng)浸泡煎煮，除膨脹外，一般保持原物狀，不散碎;假品經(jīng)浸泡或煎煮即溶化為碎顆粒或團(tuán)粉狀。不再保持原物形狀。</p><p>　　冬蟲(chóng)夏草摻假：一般摻假為中間插有木棍或鐵絲。</p><p>　　識(shí)別：用手將冬蟲(chóng)夏草折斷處掰開(kāi)，即可發(fā)現(xiàn)。也有用僵蠶冒充的，或用面做的。</p><p>　　雞內(nèi)金摻假：主要是摻有鴨內(nèi)金。</p><p>　　識(shí)別：雞內(nèi)金較輕，個(gè)體較小，質(zhì)酥脆，色黃，砂燙后起凸明顯，鴨內(nèi)金較重，個(gè)體較大且厚，質(zhì)堅(jiān)硬，色綠，砂燙后不易凸。</p><p>　　全蝎摻假：鑒于加工特點(diǎn)，其摻假一是潮濕，二是鹽多，三是全蝎腹內(nèi)有金屬或其他填充物。</p><p>　　識(shí)別：潮濕和鹽分直觀可見(jiàn)，腹內(nèi)金屬物等可觀其腹部是否有凹凸不平，手捏硬而鼓可掰開(kāi)檢查，亦可用磁石吸附。</p><script>s("content_relate");</script><p>【如何鑒別常見(jiàn)中藥真?zhèn)巍肯嚓P(guān)文章：</p><p><a 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