иxԇһֱ؞صһҪԭtߵDЕrxߵDx@ԒҪʲôߵD?һ
ʲôаߵD?
Dܡ߉Pϵ@Ă~ʲôPϵ?ߵD䌍Ҳdžv@ԒĹʲô@ԒĹܟoǾ@ԒwF߉Pϵ߉PϵҲ҂ƽrfăɾ֮gPϵČWgԱ_ҕofD߉Pϵ@Ă~˼䌍һӵ
҂ÎׂӁݾһ£һп_^becauseôRϾҪߵDڽoһЩݣ@rȥץc;while҂֪@ʾЌȵPϵôھҵ֮gIJͬ;ƵlFgby contrast֪ǰԒԒڲͬȥABкβͬ
Կ@һԒThe Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas thatwere fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas ofsemisubsistence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically. 㿴gһwhereas@ԒЩ㲻JR~㲻ҪӛĿҵ ǰȵIJͬڴŒx@Ԓ֪֮ǰʲôͬ
ӵĴnjxhhxhڳ悽^l_ĵط^ʢhҪռЩ^ĵط
ٿ@ӣTree roots force their way into cracks in rocks and, in so doing, speed theirsplitting. In contrast, the roots of grasses and other small plants may help to hold loose soilfragments together, thereby helping to prevent erosion by the wind.gЂin contrast@ǰɾԒγˌlFXɂ˼෴~һsplittingɢUɢ߀Ђtogether㿴@cĕr@Ԓx΄䌍ѽˡ
ٿ@ԒSome of the proposed mechanisms required a very brief period during which allextinctions suddenly took place; other mechanisms would be more likely to have taken placemore gradually, over an extended period, or at different times on different continents. @Ԓ@sһ̖wFgPϵ@r㿴_^һsome(һЩ)R뵽“һЩ”ô“һЩ”“һЩ”_fıضǃߵą^e
@ԒЩ~JRmechanismsDzҪӛĿҵǰʲôͬx֮lFһՓJrgҪþһЩһJҪһЩwsuddenlymoregraduallyץ@cǰͬĕr䌍@Ԓx΄վˡ
ߵDھӸČ}
wׂ}“ߵD”@һԭtҪ}ôʹ?ӸČ}ӸČ}ǿһӃȲΰҪϢ
ֱӽoһԒՈҳĵϢ@䌍ǺyQһ˼·@ԒĿĺʲô?
1 [Y]These plants are termed opportunists because [ԭ]they rely on their seeds’falling into settings where competing plants have been removed by natural processes, such asalong an eroding riverbank, on landslips, or where a tree falls and creates a gap in the forestcanopy.
A. Because [ԭ]their seeds grow in places where competing plants are no longer present, [Y]dandelions are classified as opportunists.
B. [Y]Dandelions are called opportunists because [ԭ]they contribute to the naturalprocesses of erosion and the creation of gaps in the forest canopy.
C. The term opportunists apply to plants whose seeds fall in places where they cancompete with the seeds of other plants.
D. The term opportunists apply to plants whose falling seeds are removed by naturalprocesses.
lFԭЂbecause֪@Ԓڽضй҂ȥY@ЩֲﱻQCxԭهNӵMһhf@h︂ԵֲѽƳ]иԵĭh׃هԼķNӵMһ]иԵĭh@ЩֲﱻQCx
ͬWsuch asҪô̎һ҂ЂԭtھӮaϢǺҪ;؏͵ϢԓDzҪġԿsuch asֻҪһcoǰʲôeӵălFfĶǵطfǽosettingeôͿһ߅
ǣ҂ԭDڽPϵôĂx_Ĵ𰸱ض߉PϵvԒDϺԭһӵlFABCDֻABMһwă֪AԭͽYcԭһ_x헡
2 [Dǰ]Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron,but unfortunately, [Dۺ]under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in theregion, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter ayear.
A. Despite the current impressive size of the Ogallala aquifer, the region’s climate keepsthe rates of water addition very small.
B. Although the aquifer has been adding water at the rate of only half a centimeter a year,it will eventually accumulate enough water of fill Lake Huron.
C. Because of the region’s present climatic conditions, water is being added each year to theaquifer.
D. Even when the region experiences unfortunate climatic conditions, the rates ofaddition of water continue to increase.
@}Ŀԭһbut unfortunatelyf@ԒǰһDۣôĵxǰʾIJͬ
Dǰaquiferˮ߀ˮM݂mȻ҂֪݂жߵDfˮܶ
Dۺ@ɺėlaʺСAmounting tooaʵĔ؏̓ݲҪ
_DǰfˮDۺfaСȻ҂Ăx헣_һ߉Pϵı_ǸButͬһAdespiteʾD;Balthough;CЂԭě]д;DevenʾĂx҂ȿ]ABD@x헡
мAxdespiteăݱʾˮԭDǰͬ;̖ăݱʾaСԭDۺͬA_x헡
3 Numerous insects occupy the marsh, feeding on living or dead cordgrass tissue, andredwing blackbirds, sparrows, rodents, rabbits, and deer feed directly on the cordgrass.
A. Insects feed only on dead cordgrass, while most other marsh inhabitants feed on livecordgrass.
B. The marsh is a good habitat for insects, but a relatively poor one for birds and animals.
C. Although cordgrass provides food for birds and animals, it gives insects both food and aplace to live.
D.Cordgrass provides food for numerous insects, birds, and other animals.
@}ĿһandʾеPϵô҂Ҫ]ǰͲкɲֵăеă҂ȡͬ̎ԭ˼andǰfܶxռӝɵ@ӵһNֲandf@ЩBȥ@Nֲɲֲһ
Ăx헣AxЂwhileʾȣ߉Pϵ;BЂbutʾDۣ߉Pϵ;CЂalthoughʾ߉Pϵ߉PϵΨһ^ԭľDxwDx˼@NֲoxBĄṩʳ
мxlFCx䌍fҲеM@NֲoBṩʳoxṩʳṩסĵطƺ@Ԓ܉ʾԭĵ˼ǴҲҪӛmȻgZxcԭvԒ߉D;ӱʾĹͬԭě]κεDۡ^@һNȡʾͬ߉Pϵ_Ͳܿ]althoughҪעfvԒ߉PϵD҂Ȼ]@}ĴxDx
@}ҽBߵDھӸČô䌍f˾ҪvһԒDʲôD@Щ߉PϵwF
߉Pϵ
@ҽhӛ߉һ͗lYһ𣬼@߉PϵQ
ڶD^@ұ^ܮб^韩DZ^eܵÿܵø졣@DԸijɱ^ܵñ졣
Dzlike A and BʾABࡣefҴ㣬andҴԸijҴandȺͲҲһ]
]@߉PϵͿԿ]^^Z~wF߉Pϵ
@߉Pϵ̽oϣӸČ}rͨ^@ӵ߉PϵДĂx헵ăȼ
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Paragraph 3: … However, as the storm cloud develops, the ground beneath the cloudbecomes positively charged and lightning can take place in the form of an electrical dischargebetween the negative charge of the cloud and the positively charged ground. Lightning thatstrikes the ground is the most likely to be destructive, so [even though it represents only 20percent of all lightning, it has received a lot of scientific attention].
The author remarks that “Lightning that strikes the ground is the most likely to bedestructive” in order to explain why
this form of lightning has been investigated so much
this form of lightning is not as common as lightning within a cloud
scientific understanding of this form of lightning is important
the buildup of positive charge on the ground beneath a storm cloud can have seriousconsequences
Ŀ}ֱӿvԒDһN}Ŀ@}Ŀߞʲôv˳IJăfеWƉԵ@Ԓǰߞʲôv@ԒϢcϢ֮gPϵ@rԓǰĿ߀ǑԓĿ?䌍ǰҪߵ߉ָ
@ԒЂsoôsoǰԭǽYvԭĿĮȻǽጽY҂Yăݣ@}Ŀ]ô߀Ђeven though҂֪soDzB~even thoughǏČB~B~͏ČB~ͬrھгFĕrB~Ծso@_soȫǽY
@YһYeven though A, B˼ǼʹABcBAsoĽYԓֱ^even thoughit has received…@NWܵ^ĿƌWPע@ԒͬxČA@NʽW늱{о
ھӸČ}ߵD?߀Ҫͨ^@ЩwF߉Pϵı_@ҰoĿ}֞ɷNßoؓ
“o”“o”
o
(֧)
e
for example/instance…
because/unless…
like, just as…
ؓ
FDۻ̎
in/by contrast…
}ĿҊeጡ@ؓзôДe߀?DŽڵľЛ]wFD߉~for exampleforinstancelikeincludesuch as@Щ~fe
Դ}^ҪPע@ЩwFD߉Pϵ~
ߵDھӲ}
Ӳ}ǿcPϵ}Ŀ֮gBӳҊľ헣ָBԸ~Ӵ^IJB~FANBOYS(for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)Լ^ccǰǿҊһDzҊ@ҪBBԵĸ~
g߉PϵՓCPϵ
~
fM
Besides, In addition, in fact, indeed, also…
D
however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, instead…
thus, hence, therefore, consequently, accordingly…
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to doʽZZ
That is (to say)…, In other words…, To put it in another way…
e
for example/instance
gBԸ~@Щ߉PϵУ҂һҽewFСfM߉Pϵ~Mf@ӸČ}@ԒԭԭĂոijһ̎ȰóŻȥ
Paragraph 1: The city of Teotihuacán, which lay about 50 kilometers northeast of modern-day Mexico City, began its growth by 200-100 B.C. At its height, between about A.D. 150 and700, it probably had a population of more than 125,000 people and covered at least 20 squarekilometers. A. It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number ofindustrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and aregular grid pattern of streets and buildings. B. Clearly, much planning and central controlwere involved in the expansion and ordering of this great metropolis. C. Moreover, the cityhad economic and perhaps religious contacts with most parts of Mesoamerica (modern CentralAmerica and Mexico). D.
————————————————————————————————
In fact, artifacts and pottery from Teotihuacán have been discovered in sites as far away asthe Mayan lowlands, the Guatemalan highlands, northern Mexico, and the Gulf Coast of Mexico.
҂Ҫ]ʲôطܰуɾԒ֮gϵһ㿴in factĕrҁc֮gʲô߉Pϵ?Ӣin factǰ䌍DzfMPϵ҂“”ǰDиxin factĵط䌍һfMPϵ
Ҳǣǰɾ˼ȡͬJin factǰһӣlFҲҲ@IJ_ЦTPO҂ҵ67}in fact_^ľӲ}_˾gPϵ҂Mһ@ԒwăfρTeotihuacánˇƷ܉ںhĵطlFȻǵcex҂еăͬԺ̎hĵط
@ЩˇgƷ܉ڄeĵطlFζʲô?ζeĵطԓϵô҂һһДÿǰЛ]ᵽeĵطϵ
xlFABCxǰ涼]veĵطϵٿDxf@лSкĽڽ̵ϵ@ųFϵΨһ܉ǰƥľDxǰf@طeطڽ̺ͽϵ֮e֧šƷ܉ڄeĵطlFfȻϵin fact֧ǰ^c
ڿ]c֮gPϵĕrһҪȥע@Щʾg߉Pϵ~@ЩwFvԒD
ߵDƔ}
҂Ɣ}
иxЌ߉PϵD_yľƔ}֪Ɣ}һxOG@ôһԒ“……ЏҰʾ]_f”
{аʾ˼fȻҪصԭҲf}EϢ}һµҪȥԭĽoϢДfЛ]_f@ǸϢ}ą^eЛ]ظf
҂ճкܶ@ӵ磬“ǰںݵĕr߀U”䌍@Ԓ[˼Ҳǰ
߀ ^һTEDvŮef“҂ŮҪϴֵģ҂Ů깫܇Ҫϴֵ҂ŮcnƱҪϴֵ……֮҂Ů˸ʲôҪϴ֡” ֮ʲô?һֱf˲ϴһ
lF@Щ҂ճкܶvԒӶ]аԒvף҂ fʲô˼иx@ӵƔȱȽҽoҵĽhǣиxеƔǻڇДڇ߉ДжDߌDД䌍ֻһ˼҂}Ŀ
Paragraph 5: Even the kind of stability defined as simple lack of change is not alwaysassociated with maximum diversity. At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is oftenfound in mid-successional stages, not in the climax community. Once a redwood forestmatures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individuals growing on the forestfloor are reduced. In general, diversity, by itself, does not ensure stability. Mathematicalmodels of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guarantee ecosystemstability—just the opposite, in fact.
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 5 about redwood forests?
They become less stable as they mature.
They support many species when they reach climax.
They are found in temperate zones.
They have reduced diversity during mid-successional stages.
@}ĿǂƔ}infer}Ŀredwood foreststľɭpλlFǾԒڵľӱʾһfһtľɭֳôLڼtľɭֵײNN͔p
Ҫעʲô}Ŀxһ^ܹȥx@ӡ@҂Ͳמʲôv@ԒҪصǰ^cȥ@Ӂfʲô
ǰ^c҂һBxfڜ؎^ԲFȺ߷ĕrȺlչgAһԒftľɭ֮ĕrNp@䌍Ǻܺõһƥӡ𰸴ҕpxC
@lF䌍\һܳҊՓՓʲôՓ?ɴǰСǰƳһYՓ
e
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҂Yиx߉죬ڿvԒDиGREGMATLJ߉ԇиһNZԿԇZԽHеvԒD
vһ؎^Ҏeӱǜ؎^eһᎧ^ʲôx?@ǵһfƔ}ҪߵDߵD߉Ҫ
By the 1850’s and 1860’s, there was a great distrust among writers and intellectuals of therapid industrialization of which the railroad was a leading force. Deeply philosophicalhistorians such as Henry Adams lamented the role that the new frenzy for business was playingin eroding traditional values. A distrust of industry and business continued among writersthroughout the rest of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth.
The word lamented is closest in meaning to
complained about
analyzed
explained
reflected on
ٿһ~R}Ɣ}Ɣ˼·sǵ̎ʹõ@~lamentedҲDŽ~҂ڵľf@ЩvʷWeһ@ôһ顣ڵһԒf@ȺW߳һB——(distrust)һȺ˶ôe@˵đBҲDz@~˼ԓƫؓ
ABCDADZԹBǷCǽDǷ˼˼ΨһƫؓxA҂xA@}fһһȺwһw@wݱǷȺwĿw@ӵ˼·䌍\õ̎}ĕrԼPע
[Sediment above and below the gypsum layer] contained tiny marine fossils, indicatingopen-ocean conditions.
_____________________________________________
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3 about the solid gypsum layer?
It did not contain any marine fossil.
It had formed in open-ocean conditions.
It had once been soft, deep-sea mud.
It contained sediment from nearby deserts.
@Ɣ}ԭҽo˴һԒǣPgypsum layer@ʯƔʲôԭfʯsediment˺ʯζγںhٿlʯlγںhZԓsediment
҂֪кʯкʯggypsum layer]нo㽻}ĿPgypsum layer֪ʲô?
@rͲ܇߉ДlFҪvԒDУʾg]@}҂ֻxAxB
Yһ£mȻиx10}xиcDZ߉һӵģoǾǿڲͬZԌӴwFӢ@NZԵĪر_ʽҲ@Щ߉Pϵ~
҂phrase_ʼclausesentenceһֱparagraphpassagelFͬĽYӴɲͬ~wF߉PϵPhraseɽ~clause^Z~sentenceB~paragraphBԵĸ~wF
ͬ};͏IJͬČӴ㡣Ӳ}paragraph@Ӵc֮gPϵӸČ}sentenceȲ߉PϵԴ@Щ}PIҪӢı_߉Pϵ
ϱV㲻ǽ~^Z~B~߀BmԸ~ڲͬӴwF߉Pϵ@Щ~䌍ԱʾͬһN߉PϵԱʾʾʾfM@oһҪĽhиxҪȰvԒDvԒD@Щ߉Pϵ~wF
OGϸ҂fĺWƵıՓ֪RӢZ@ZԱôӢZZԱʲôԿ?Ӣ@תصıʾ߉Pϵķʽϣ܉}^Pע@ӵԭt
Ͼиxԭt֮“D”ϣףһ!