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高三英語定語從句知識點歸納
在平凡的學習生活中,說起知識點,應該沒有人不熟悉吧?知識點也不一定都是文字,數學的知識點除了定義,同樣重要的公式也可以理解為知識點。那么,都有哪些知識點呢?下面是小編整理的高三英語定語從句知識點歸納,供大家參考借鑒,希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。
高三英語定語從句知識點歸納
定語從句
(一)基本概念
1.由一個句子作定語,修飾句中一個名詞或代詞,有時也可以修飾整個句子或句中的部分內容,這樣的從句就是定語從句,被其修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。
2.關系詞分為兩大類,即關系代詞和關系副詞,其作用一是引出一個定語從句,二是代替其所修飾的先行詞,三是在句中充當某個句子成分。
關系詞的分類和基本用法
表一
分類指代引導詞
關系代詞人who, whom, that, as
事物which, that, as
人或物(表所屬關系)Whose
關系副詞地點Where
時間When
原因Why
表二
關系代詞指代例句解釋
who人The man who helped you is Mr White.在定從中作主語
whomThat is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.在定從中作賓語,可省略
whoseHe is the father whose son studies very well in our class.在定從中作定語
thatIm not the fool that you thought me to be.在定從中作表語
asHe is such a lazy man as nobody wants to work with.在定從中作賓語
that事物The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.在定從中作賓語
whichA dictionary is a useful book which tells us the meaning of words在定從中作主語
whoseHe lives in a room whose window faces south在定從中作定語
asIt is such a big stone as nobody can lift.在定從中作賓語
整句內容As is known to all, he is the best student.在定從中作主語
表三
關系副詞指代例句解釋
when時間Would you suggest a time when we can have a talk?在定從中作狀語
where地點The house where they live is not very large.在定從中作狀語
why原因This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.在定從中作狀語
高三英語定語從句知識點歸納
一、定語從句的概念
在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
二、定語從句的關系詞
引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞,常見的關系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關系副詞包括where, when, why等。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的重要成分。
三、定語從句的分類
根據定語從句與先行詞的關系,定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號分開,從句不可省去,非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開,起補充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、關系代詞的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語,作主語時不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。(that作賓語)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主語或賓語,作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)
3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語)
注意:(1)當定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時,who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關系代詞前時,只能用“介詞+which/whom”結構。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。
。2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個人。
。3)that 作介詞的賓語時,介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠。
。4)關系詞只能用that的情況:
a. 先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個通過考試的人。
b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?
c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。
d. 先行詞里同時含有人或物時,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句,為避免重復,只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?
f.主句是there be 結構,修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。
。5)關系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:
a.先行詞為that, those時,用which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?
b.關系代詞前有介詞時,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。
c.引導非限制性定語從句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。
五、關系副詞的用法
。1)when指時間,其先行詞表示時間,在句中作時間狀語。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達的時間。
。2)where指地點,其先行詞表示地點,在句中作地點狀語。例如:
This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點。
。3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語作用。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒人知道他為什么上學總遲到。
延伸閱讀:定語從句知識重點與難點
。ㄒ唬┊斚刃性~有最高級,序數詞修飾,是不定代詞,或是all, no, only等形式時,關系代詞一般用that,而不能用which。
1. The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time.
2. There is one thing that keeps worrying me.
(二)當先行詞是表示時間,地點,原因的詞時,關系詞用when, where, why 還有which, that
1. I’m very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years.
2. This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you.
3. I think I can understand the reason why he didn’t tell the truth to me.
4. No one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting.
。ㄈ┒ㄕZ從句的簡化表達:
1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.
2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
3. The question that is being discussed is very important.
4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.
說明:以上的定語從句部分可以用更加簡單的非謂語形式表達出來:
1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.
2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
3. The question being discussed is very important.
4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.
說明:修飾一個名詞除了后面用定語從句以外,還可以用非謂語動詞形式:doing短語,done短語,being done短語,to be done短語修飾。其結構和意思如下:
1. 被修飾名詞+doing短語: 正在做….的人/正在發生的事。
2. 被修飾名詞+ done短語: 被…..的人/事
3. 被修飾名詞+being done短語:正在被…..的人/事
4. 被修飾名詞+ to be done短語:將要被…..的人/事
(1)Do you know the man talking to my sister ?
。2)The “crazy” gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means “you have a phone call” in Brazil.
(3)Did you see that car being repaired ?
。4)In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed.
。5)The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.
。6)Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.
。7)The Yellow River, said to be “the mother river” runs across China like a huge dragon.
總結:以上做定語的那些短語就是英語語法中所說的分詞,不定式的各種形式作定語。
1. 這些短語作定語應放在被修飾名詞的后面。如果單獨一個V-ing或V-ed形式作定語,則可以放在被修飾名詞前面。
2. 分詞作定語時,其動作應與全句動作同時發生。V-ing表示主動意義和正在做,V-ed表示被動意義。being done表示正在被做的
3. 不定式作定語表示將要發生的,to be done表示將要被做的
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