河北省金絲小棗主產區土壤地球化學背景研究

河北省金絲小棗主產區土壤地球化學背景研究

【中文摘要】 金絲小棗是河北省的名優特色果品之一,而滄州金絲小棗具有悠久的栽培歷史,產區遍及滄州地區的滄縣、獻縣、泊頭、交河、鹽山、河間等縣(市)。其中,滄縣已被譽為中國的“金絲小棗之鄉”。滄州金絲小棗又名河西紅棗,因干棗剝開時有金黃絲相連,入口甜如蜜,外形如珠似璣,故稱金絲小棗。滄州金絲小棗因其香甜的味道和較高的營養價值而暢銷于國內外,成為滄州地區的主導產業和優勢產業。本文選取金絲小棗種植面積較大的滄縣、獻縣和泊頭作為研究區,在研究區已有研究成果的基礎上,利用生態地質背景資料和地球化學背景資料,對金絲小棗區土壤質量進行了地球化學評價,對金絲小棗區的金絲小棗進行了安全性評估,并對營養元素在土壤中的遷移分布特征進行了重點研究。旨在為優質無公害金絲小棗種植基地的建設提供科學依據,以期達到優化農業產業結構、合理利用土地資源的目的。通過系統研究獲得如下主要成果:1、運用主觀和客觀相結合的方法確定綜合品質評價中指標的權重更能切實的反映出金絲小棗品質的現狀。2、通過對金絲小棗品質指標和土壤元素全量之間的多元逐步線性回歸分析,并結合金絲小棗較優質區和相對劣質區土壤元素含量的對比,最終得出影響金絲小棗品質的元素組合.為Fe、Cu、U、Mn、Co、Cl、Na。且金絲小棗品質與土壤全量Fe、Cu、U、Mn、Co呈正相關,與土壤全量Cl和Na呈負相關。3、通過對研究區表層土壤靶標元素分布特征的分析,可以看出研究區土壤表層元素含量明顯受地形地貌的影響,尤其是Cl和Na元素,越接近濱海地區其含量越高。4、通過對研究區土壤環境地球化學條件進行評價,得出研究區八種土壤重金屬中,土壤砷元素的單因素污染指數最高,對土壤重金屬綜合質量評價結果的貢獻率最大�？傮w來看,研究區西部小塊區域即泊頭西北和獻縣西南部的邊界區域存在輕度重金屬污染。研究區淺層地下水存在部分氟化物和碘化物高值區。5、結合金絲小棗品質相關元素和土壤環境條件將研究區劃分為金絲小棗優質區、金絲小棗適宜區、金絲小棗次適宜區和金絲小棗不適宜區。

【英文摘要】 Zizyphus jujube cv. Jinsi-xiaozao is one of the famous high-quality fruit products in Hebei Province. Cangzhou Zizyphus jujube cv. Jinsi-xiaozao has a long cultivated history and producted over Cangzhou City such as Cang county、Xian county、Botou city、Jiaohe county、Yanshan county、Hejian county,etc. Cangzhou Zizyphus jujube cv. Jinsi-xiaozao also known as Hexi red Jujube because when skinning the dry Jujube, it will present the golden colour, and also has pearl looks and sweet tastes. Cangzhou Zizyphus jujube cv. Jinsi-xiaozao is salability at home and abroad for its good taste and high nutritions, which becoming the Cangzhou main and superiority industry.This article selects Cang county、Xian county and Botou city as the study area which have a large growning area. Using ecological-geology and geochemistry background materials based on previous reasearch results, takes out a geochemistry evaluation of the soil quality, The safety of Zizyphus jujube cv. Jinsi-xiaozao is tested, and especi.ally studied the character of nutrient element’s migration and distribution in soil. This study aims to provides scientific basis for the construction of high-quality Zizyphus jujube cv. Jinsi-xiaozao Planting base, so that the structure of agricultural industry can be optimized and the land resources can be used in a more reasonable way. Over all, the main results of the research are as follows:1、It is more practical to reflect the quality status of Zizyphus jujube cv. Jinsi-xiaozao through taking the objective and subjective measure together to definiting indexes weight of comprehensive quality.2、Through Multiple Regression between Zizyphus jujube cv. Jinsi-xiaozao quality indexes and soil elements contents. Combined with soil elements contents between high quality domain and poor quality domain, gets a series elements which impacting Zizyphus jujube cv. Jinsi-xiaozao quality:Fe、Cu、U、Mn、Co、Cl、Na. Further more,there is a positive correlation between quality of Zizyphus jujube cv. Jinsi-xiaozao and Fe、Cu、U、 Mn、Co,while the others has a negative correlation.3、Through analysing the distribution character of target elements on surface soil in the study area, it is obviously that the elements are impacted by topography and geomorphology,especially Cl and Na which are higher when it is close to the coastal areas.4、Through evaluation of the soil environmental Geochemistry conditions of the study area, it gets the result that Arsenic, which is one kind of the eight heavy metals in soil,has the highest pollution index with single factor,which also has the biggest contribution rate to the valuation result on comprehensive quality of heavy metals in Soil . In a word, there is only a small piece of place in western Study areas, the boundary region of Botou city North western and Xian county south western has mild heavy metal pollutions. It also finds that there are some fluorides and iodides high-value region in the shallow ground water.5、Based on Zizyphus jujube cv. Jinsi-xiaozao quality elements and soil environmental conditions, it divides the study areas as Zizyphus jujube cv. Jinsi-xiaozao high-quality areas, suitable areas, inferiority suitable area and unsuitable area. 

【中文關鍵詞】 金絲小棗; 農業地質; 地球化學; 生態地質
【英文關鍵詞】 Zizyphus jujube cv. Jinsi-xiaozao; Agricultural geology; Geochemistry; Ecological-geology
【畢業論文目錄】
摘要 4-5
Abstract 5-6
1 引言 9-18
    1.1 研究背景和意義 9-10
    1.2 國內外研究進展 10-14
        1.2.1 國外研究進展 11-12
        1.2.2 國內研究進展 12-14
        1.2.3 我國金絲小棗農業地質研究現狀 14
    1.3 研究目標、研究內容與技術路線 14-18
        1.3.1 研究目標 14-15
        1.3.2 研究內容 15
        1.3.3 研究技術路線 15-16
        1.3.4 研究區的選取 16-18
2 研究區概況 18-22
    2.1 研究區地理位置概況 18-19
    2.2 研究區自然條件 19-22
        2.2.1 氣候 19
        2.2.2 地形地貌 19-20
        2.2.3 土壤 20
        2.2.4 區域地質 20-22
3 工作方法 22-26
    3.1 樣品的采集、加工 22-23
        3.1.1 采樣點位的布設 22
        3.1.2 土壤采樣深度 22
        3.1.3 表層土壤及植物樣品采集 22-23
        3.1.4 樣品加工與測試 23
    3.2 分析方法、分析質量 23-24
    3.3 數據處理方法及圖件編制 24-26
4 結果與分析 26-51
    4.1 金絲小棗綜合品質的評定 26-33
        4.1.1 金絲小棗綜合品質指標的選取 26
        4.1.2 金絲小棗綜合品質的評定 26-33
    4.2 影響金絲小棗品質的土壤地球化學條件 33-42
        4.2.1 土壤地球化學靶標元素的選取 33-37
        4.2.2 元素對金絲小棗品質及人體健康的影響 37-38
        4.2.3 研究區表層土壤元素地球化學特征 38-42
        4.2.4 土壤地球化學元素在立體剖面上的變化 42
    4.3 影響金絲小棗品質的土壤環境地球化學條件 42-49
        4.3.1 土壤重金屬環境安全評價 42-45
        4.3.2 土壤鹽堿化狀況評價 45-47
        4.3.3 研究區淺層地下水地球化學特征 47-48
        4.3.4 土壤環境地球化學條件對金絲小棗品質的影響 48-49
    4.4 研究區金絲小棗適宜性區劃 49-51
5 結論和討論 51-52
    5.1 結論 51
    5.2 討論 51-52
參考文獻 52-58
在讀期間發表的學術論文 58-59
作者簡歷 59-60
致謝 60

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