2016英語四級語法:動詞
想要學好英語四級語法怎么能不了解動詞運用方法呢?下面就讓小編為大家詳解一下吧。
動詞(時態,語態,用法,省略,一致性等)
時態
1)現在完成進行時態(have/has been + -ing 分詞構成): 動作或狀態從過去某時開始,繼續到現在,可能繼續下去,也可能剛剛結束.
I’ve been writing letters for an hour.
I’ve been sitting in the garden.
2)過去完成進行時(由had been + ing分詞構成): 過去某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作
I’d been working for some time when he called.
We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.
3)將來完成進行時: 將來某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作.
By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.
In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.
4)將來完成時(由shall/will have + 過去分詞構成): 將來某時已發生的事.
I shall have finished this one before lunch.
They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.
語態
可以有兩種被動結構的類型,例如:
He was said to be jealous of her success.
It was said that he was jealous of her success.
能同時適用于上述兩個句型的主動詞通常都是表示“估計”,“相信”等意義的動詞,常見的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.
It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.
The ship is supposed to have been sunk.
擔當be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時往往表示不同的意義.例如:
Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你應該曉得速度限制)
雙賓語及賓補結構的被動語態
雙賓語結構的被動語態: 雙賓語結構變為被動語態時,可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變為主語,另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語后面,但多數是把間接賓語變為主語.
He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.
Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.
賓補結構的被動語態:
She was called Big Sister by everybody.
Then he was made a squad leader.
He was considered quite qualified for the job.
The room was always kept clean and tidy.
短語動詞
Vi + adv
The plane took off two hours late.
Vi + prep
They looked round the Cathedral.
Vi + prep (有被動語態)
延伸閱讀:
英語的詞通常分為十大類:
1)名詞(noun,縮寫為n.)是人和事物的名稱,如pen(鋼筆),English(英語),life(生活)。
2)代詞(pronoun,縮寫為pron.)是用來代替名詞的詞,如we(我們),his(他的),all(全部)。
3)形容詞(adjective,縮寫為adj.)用來修飾名詞,如great(偉大的),honest(誠實的),difficult(困難的)。
4)數詞(numeral,縮寫為num.)是表示"多少"和"第幾"的詞,如four(四),eighteen(十八),first(第一),eighth(十八),hundred(一百)。
5)動詞(verb,縮寫為v)表示動作和狀態,如write(寫),walk(行走),think(想)。
6)副詞(adverb,縮寫為。adv.)是修飾動詞、形容詞和副詞的詞,如quickly(快),often(經常),very(很)。
7)冠詞(article,縮寫為art.)說明名詞所指的人或物的詞,如a,an(一個),the(這,那)。
8)介詞(preposition,縮寫為prep.)表示名詞(或代詞)與句子里其它詞的關系,如from(從),in(在…內),between(在…之間)。
9)連詞(conjunction,縮寫為conj.)是連接詞、短語、從句和句子的詞,如and(和),because(因為),if(假如)。
10)感嘆詞(interjection,縮寫為int.)表示感情,如。oh(噢),aha(啊哈),hush(噓)。
[注一]屬于前六類(名、代、形、數、動、副等詞)的詞都有實義,叫做實詞(notional word)。屬于后四類(冠、介、連、感等詞)的詞沒有實義,叫做虛詞(form word)。
[注二]不少詞可以屬于幾個詞類,如work(工作;動詞和名詞),fast(快;形容詞和副詞),since(自從;連詞和介詞)等。
【英語四級語法:動詞】相關文章:
英語語法助動詞介紹08-22
小升初英語語法動詞的語態復習07-05
小升初英語基本語法動詞知識要點02-20
小升初英語語法Be動詞專項練習10-14
高考英語動詞復習備考語法大全09-21
英語語法講解之感官動詞08-15
英語語法講解之謂語動詞07-23
英語難點語法詳解:助動詞have07-29