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2017考研英語長(zhǎng)難句解析與實(shí)例分析
長(zhǎng)難句是考研英語閱讀理解、完型填空、翻譯三個(gè)題型中的難點(diǎn)，下面是YJBYS小編為大家搜索整理的關(guān)于英語長(zhǎng)難句解析與實(shí)例分析，歡迎參考練習(xí)，希望對(duì)大家備考有所幫助!想了解更多相關(guān)信息請(qǐng)持續(xù)關(guān)注我們應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生培訓(xùn)網(wǎng)!
從結(jié)構(gòu)來說，英語句子中，除了謂語之外，其它的成分均可以由從句或者非謂語動(dòng)詞來充當(dāng)。從句本身是一個(gè)完整的句子，因此，從句與從句之間的關(guān)系可能包孕、套嵌，也可能并列、平行。從功能來說，英語有三大復(fù)合句，即:①名詞性從句，包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句;②形容詞性從句，即我們平常所說的定語從句;③狀語從句。非謂語動(dòng)詞可以有自己的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)(過去分詞除外)，也可以跟自己的邏輯主語、賓語、狀語等成分，構(gòu)成一個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)。由于非謂語動(dòng)詞和從句的這些特點(diǎn)，使英語句子從理論上講可以無限延長(zhǎng)。
考研英語攻破長(zhǎng)難句解析
英語長(zhǎng)句的分析方法：去枝葉，留主干。
1)劃出句子中的定語從句和狀語從句;
2)劃出所有介詞短語(位于be動(dòng)詞后的除外);
3)名詞性從句看作一個(gè)整體,找出句中所有的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)、介詞短語和從句的引導(dǎo)詞;
4)非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)看作一個(gè)整體;
5)找出全句的主語、謂語和賓語，即句子的主干;
6)分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和非謂語動(dòng)詞的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)。
長(zhǎng)難句分析的步驟舉例
經(jīng)典例題(2001年考研完型填空第二段)
In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins.
分析:
第一，劃出定語從句和狀語從句: that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity /that can be given to a case /before a trial begins.
第二，劃出介詞短語：In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press
第三，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分析:
(1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主語(Lord Irvine含同位語the Lord Chancellor)+將來時(shí)謂語(will introduce)+賓語(a draft bill);
(2)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾draft bill,其中，will propose 是第一個(gè)謂語，making payments to witnesses illegal是一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語做賓語，在動(dòng)名詞短語內(nèi)部，payments to witnesses做making的賓語，illegal是賓補(bǔ);第二個(gè)謂語是will strictly control, the amount of publicity是它的賓語。that can be given to a case before a trial begins是孕含有一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句(before a trial begins)的定語從句，修飾publicity。
請(qǐng)大家按照上述步驟認(rèn)真分解以下的句子，并把分解后的句子讀熟甚至背過，則基本上可以解決考研長(zhǎng)難句問題。
考研英語十大長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例分析
1. When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析: 本句是由for連接的兩個(gè)因果關(guān)系的并列句;for前面的部分是表示結(jié)果的分句，此句結(jié)構(gòu)是when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句+主句，主句主干結(jié)構(gòu)是... it is advisable to ...，其中，it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu);動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中又包含一個(gè)what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做find out的賓語;for后面的部分是表示原因的分句，此句結(jié)構(gòu)是：讓步狀語從句+主句，主句主干結(jié)構(gòu)是... it is possible that... ,it 是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的that從句;
譯文: 當(dāng)一場(chǎng)新的藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)形成某種時(shí)尚時(shí)，理應(yīng)弄清其倡導(dǎo)者的目標(biāo)所在，因?yàn)闊o論他們的準(zhǔn)則在今天看來是多么牽強(qiáng)附會(huì)、不可思議，將來都有可能被視為正常的。
2.The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析: 本句主干部分是The ... result has been to make entrance ... harder for amateurs...; 第一個(gè)逗號(hào)后面是一個(gè)名詞性短語，中心詞是the result，后面是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句;此定語從句中包含兩個(gè)并列狀語，其結(jié)構(gòu)為first by ... and then by ... ;
譯文: 其總的結(jié)果是使業(yè)余人員的論文進(jìn)入專業(yè)性地質(zhì)學(xué)雜志更加困難，而審稿制度的全面引進(jìn)使論文發(fā)表的難度進(jìn)一步加大，這一制度開始是在19世紀(jì)的全國(guó)性雜志出現(xiàn)的，進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)后也在一些地方性地質(zhì)雜志實(shí)行。
3.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析: 本句主干結(jié)構(gòu)是... this project has turned out to be ... findings ...; findings前面的mostly low-level是findings的修飾成分，后面的about ... 介詞結(jié)構(gòu)是賓語findings的賓語補(bǔ)足語;逗號(hào)后面的過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)combined是狀語成分，表示一種伴隨的動(dòng)作;
譯文: 遺憾的是，這次調(diào)查的結(jié)果只獲得了一些膚淺的發(fā)現(xiàn)，諸如新聞報(bào)道中的事實(shí)錯(cuò)誤、拼寫或語法錯(cuò)誤，以及特別令人費(fèi)解的困惑：讀者到底想讀些什么。
4.A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family."
結(jié)構(gòu)分析: 本句句子主干是A lateral move ... prompted me to ...; move后面是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾a lateral move, that在從句做主語;第一個(gè)逗號(hào)后面的是狀語成分，兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間的部分是插入語;
譯文: 一次平級(jí)的人事調(diào)動(dòng)傷了我的自尊心，并阻礙了我的事業(yè)發(fā)展，這促使我放棄自己地位較高的職業(yè)，當(dāng)然，就像顏面掃盡的政府部長(zhǎng)那樣，我也掩飾說“我想多陪陪家人”.
5.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life" , and making the alternative move into "downshifting" brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析: 本句主干結(jié)構(gòu)是I have discovered ... + that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句;as引導(dǎo)的句子是伴隨狀語，可以看作是插入語;在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，主語是兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語:abandoning ... and making ...，謂語是brings;
譯文: 我已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)(由于壓力過大，凱爾茜已多次公開宣稱要辭去《她》雜志編輯的職務(wù)，在這之后她也許會(huì)同樣發(fā)現(xiàn))：放棄“忙忙碌碌”的生活哲學(xué)，轉(zhuǎn)而過一種“放慢生活節(jié)奏”的生活所帶來的回報(bào)，比經(jīng)濟(jì)成功和社會(huì)地位更有價(jià)值。
6.Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析: 本句主干結(jié)構(gòu)為researchers ... have began to extend that forecast...;逗號(hào)前面為狀語成分，包含一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其中it是形式主語，appear后面是that引導(dǎo)的是主語從句;
譯文: 雖然一開始在20世紀(jì)60年代和70年代有過一段樂觀的時(shí)期--那時(shí)候仿佛晶體管電路和微處理器的發(fā)展將使它們?cè)?010年能夠模仿人類大腦的活動(dòng)--但是最近研究人員已經(jīng)開始將這個(gè)預(yù)測(cè)延后數(shù)十年，甚至數(shù)百年。
7. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect" , a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects - a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen - is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子主干是：... the Court ... supported the medical principle of "double effect" ... ; although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，其中包含一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作ruled的賓語;a centuries-old moral principle是the medical principle的同位語，其中包含一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞holding及其賓語從句現(xiàn)在分詞短語做定語;賓語從句中，主干部分是：an action ... is permissible... ，其中having是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，修飾an action;兩個(gè)破折號(hào)之間是對(duì)two effects的解釋說明;賓語從句中還包含一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句;
譯文：盡管裁決認(rèn)為，憲法沒有賦予醫(yī)生幫助病人自殺的權(quán)利，然而最高法庭實(shí)際上卻認(rèn)可了醫(yī)療界的“雙效”原則，這個(gè)存在了好幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的道德原則認(rèn)為，如果某種行為具有雙重效果(希望達(dá)到的好效果和可以預(yù)見得到的壞效果)，那么，只要行為實(shí)施只是想達(dá)到好的效果，這個(gè)行為就是可以允許的。
8. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals - no meat, no fur, no medicines.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子主干是：... a ... woman ... was distributing a brochure ... ; woman后面的現(xiàn)在分詞短語staffing an animal rights booth是woman的后置定語;brochure后面的that引導(dǎo)定語從句; anything后面的that引導(dǎo)定語從句;
譯文：例如，在近期的一次集市上，一位老奶奶站在動(dòng)物權(quán)利宣傳點(diǎn)前散發(fā)小冊(cè)子，規(guī)勸人們不要使用動(dòng)物制品和動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)制品--肉類，毛皮，藥物。
9. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：... the health research community should ... recruit to its cause not only ... but ... ; because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句;Stephen Cooper后面是一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句;最后一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾all;
譯文：最后，因?yàn)樽罱K決定因素是病人，醫(yī)療研究機(jī)構(gòu)不僅應(yīng)該積極爭(zhēng)取像史蒂芬·庫(kù)博這樣的名人的支持--他對(duì)動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)的價(jià)值勇敢地進(jìn)行了肯定--而且應(yīng)該爭(zhēng)取所有接受治療的病人的支持。
10. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子主干為：... we demand everything ... ; 第一個(gè)逗號(hào)前為過去分詞短語shielded引導(dǎo)的狀語成分，第二個(gè)逗號(hào)后面是even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句;everything后面是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，that在從句中作主語;
譯文：由于醫(yī)療費(fèi)用由第三方支付，我們常常要求用盡所有的醫(yī)療手段，即使它們不會(huì)有任何作用。
英語長(zhǎng)難句理解水平的提高不是一朝一夕的事情，各考研生一定要制定好復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃并持之以恒地練習(xí)。最后祝所有同學(xué)在2017考研中都取得好成績(jī)。
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