иԇ13ȫڵĂ俼hСҽBxϣЎ
1иxҪxȫĆ?
ETSƬThe Life of An ItemV҂һx헵OӋֹ“__ģe`e`”߀Ҫ_“all the passage is covered by items”xxȫģΰÿһx?
2Wgиɿ?
иԇxӢZZԜyԇԓעڜyԇW“Z”쿼“Wg֪R”ԓ}ETSаlF.RobinشfиҲCriterion-Referenced|@ɱʹÌWgõČWڿԇռЃ
3PIʲô?
ETSuB.SuomiŮʿ˼Ļشdeveloping your ideaҲLJ@^c(})Mжչ_Ȼǰǵ^c_ӢZ
4ʲôǿԇеy}?
ETSuB.SuomiŮʿJA difficult item requires sophisticated reasoning or understanding of a high level concept not because it tests obscure or esoteric matter
5ܲx?
“иxµLȱc}Ŀƥ”@x}ĿOӋԭt“xoUԒ”mETSxԇҪˈDxҪ܉xȫIJ}PϢЩͬWf“MxǴ_xôk?“ ETSB.SuomiŮʿĽhȻŬx£keep reading keep practicing
6֔Ҫ?
ETSuJ.Bardشǿ϶ġx}Ҳܿ錑ǿ鲻productivityֻʹ^}ʽܿWλrgȵĮa@ҲZҪwFˣ|֔ͬҪZͬ
SadekŮʿf֔ԽeĿԾԽŶ!300DZ^ǡһƪ²ڌ˶չ_ՓC}Ŀ(Topic development is the most important issue here) ͬrеfNo memorized language! ҪģŶ!
7h۷ֆ?
ETSŮ醾팣KimfǵhǞ醾ĹƽhĴ}oµϼ醾õijɿпܸڵڻԭгɿXؔһhLUX֔
8ܶͬW˛_ķ^ƫ}y}ό?
Ҫ^eETS}Federic Robin_fIf we intend for an item to be difficult we make certain that it is difficult because it requires sophisticated reasoning or understanding of a high-level concept not because it tests obscure or esoteric matterҲf@y}߉s߸@ǿԽܵr;@Щy}ݻޝWҊô@N}һ҂ҪԵIJ
9ɷ^ؼų“O~R”x?
ԣٷڳ}ĕrѽx@Щ~oYxFederekf“Distracters(wrong options) should not include specific determiners(“always”/“never”)”
10ÿһx}?
x}ĵһxǽ^܃HHMڵһһҪŪÿ_x_ԭͬrÿһe`xe`ԭETS}AshmoreV҂}ĕr@ôģᘌÿһ}һҪѴ𰸵ԭضx_
Articulate why each distracter(wrong option) is wrong
Consider whether you could defend the key(right option) to an examinee
11}DzһҪļ?
Щ߅߅߅ǵļɲܕ?
ETSنTJefffÿһ}ĿOӋĕr}߶ԼDoes the item measure something worth measuring or is it trivial and unimportant?OӋFЎׂɆTxtĕ@}Ŀڳ}ĕrҲO_xlength complexityor diction stand out
12Z@NsubjectiveĿԇƽ?
a.ÿһZresponseǶһrater(ϣETSvf17350raters)ĵDZSCķֽoͬraters@ӾͿԴpͬһraterɶӰijһ˵ķ֔MCƽ
b.ZģǴ_еv˷һοпZdz˜ʣҲdzǾ܇AԒmڶ}ĿĴ𰸣]Ќ|ıٽo˺ܵ͵ķ֔
13Zԇе¼?
ٸV҂ஔtest takersڿZԇĕrfI hate ETS.You make my life miserable.I am so mad about you ж@ӵtest takersrٟoεЦЦfmore than you could expect