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2017年MBA英語語法指導(dǎo)
語法一：the+最高級+比較范圍
1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞 the，副詞最高級前可不用。
形容詞most前面沒有the，不表示最高級的含義，只表示非常。
It is a most important problem.
=It is a very important problem.
注意： 使用最高級要注意將主語包括在比較范圍內(nèi)。
(錯) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
(對) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
2) 下列詞可修飾最高級，by far, far, much, mostly, almost
This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.
注意：
a. very可修飾最高級，但位置與much不同。
This is the very best.
This is much the best.
b. 序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級。
Africa is the second largest continent.
3) 句型轉(zhuǎn)換：
Mike is the most intelligent in his class.
Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.
4) 否定詞語+比較級，否定詞語+ so… as結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級含義。
Nothing is so easy as this.
=Nothing is easier than this.
=This is the easiest thing.
語法二：兼有兩種形式的副詞
1) close與closely
close意思是近; closely 意思是仔細地
He is sitting close to me.
Watch him closely.
2) late 與lately
late意思是晚; lately 意思是最近
You have come too late.
What have you been doing lately?
3) deep與deeply
deep意思是深，表示空間深度;deeply時常表示感情上的深度，深深地
He pushed the stick deep into the mud.
Even father was deeply moved by the film.
4) high與highly
high表示空間高度;highly表示程度，相當(dāng)于much
The plane was flying high.
I think highly of your opinion.
5) wide與widely
wide表示空間寬度;widely意思是廣泛地，在許多地方
He opened the door wide.
English is widely used in the world.
6) free與freely
free的意思是免費;freely 的意思是無限制地
You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.
You may speak freely; say what you like.
語法三：助動詞
1)協(xié)助主要動詞構(gòu)成謂語動詞詞組的詞叫助動詞(Auxiliary Verb)。被協(xié)助的動詞稱作主要動詞(Main Verb)。
助動詞自身沒有詞義，不可單獨使用，例如：
He doesn't like English. 他不喜歡英語。
(doesn't是助動詞，無詞義;like是主要動詞，有詞義)
2) 助動詞協(xié)助主要動詞完成以下功用，可以用來：
a. 表示時態(tài)，例如：
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已結(jié)婚。
b. 表示語態(tài)，例如：
He was sent to England. 他被派往英國。
c. 構(gòu)成疑問句，例如：
Do you like college life? 你喜歡大學(xué)生活嗎?
Did you study English before you came here? 你來這兒之前學(xué)過英語嗎?
d. 與否定副詞not合用，構(gòu)成否定句，例如：
I don't like him. 我不喜歡他。
e. 加強語氣，例如：
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定來參加晚會。
He did know that. 他的確知道那件事。
3) 最常用的助動詞有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
語法四：系動詞
系動詞亦稱聯(lián)系動詞(Link Verb)，作為系動詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語(亦稱補語)，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。
說明：
有些系動詞又是實義動詞，該動詞表達實義時，有詞義，可單獨作謂語，例如：
He fell ill yesterday.
他昨天病了。(fell是系動詞，后跟補足語，說明主語情況。)
He fell off the ladder.
他從梯子上摔下來。fell是實義動詞，單獨作謂語。
1)狀態(tài)系動詞
用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如：
He is a teacher. 他是一名教師。(is與補足語一起說明主語的身份。)
2)持續(xù)系動詞
用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：
He always kept silent at meeting. 他開會時總保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一個謎。
3)表像系動詞
用來表示看起來像這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：
He looks tired. 他看起來很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起來很傷心。
4)感官系動詞
感官系動詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
這種布手感很軟。
This flower smells very sweet.
這朵花聞起來很香。
5)變化系動詞
這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，變化系動詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
例如：
He became mad after that. 自那之后，他瘋了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她沒多長時間就富了。
6)終止系動詞
表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove, trun out, 表達證實，變成之意，例如：
The rumor proved false. 這謠言證實有假。
The search proved difficult. 搜查證實很難。
His plan turned out a success. 他的計劃終于成功了。(turn out表終止性結(jié)果)
語法五：和more有關(guān)的詞組
1) the more… the more… 越……就越……
The harder you work，the greater progress you'll make.
2) more B than A 與其說A不如說B
less A than B
He is more lazy than slow at his work.
= He is less slow than lazy at his work.
3) no more… than… 與……一樣……，不比……多
The officials could see no more than the Emperor.
no less… than… 與……一樣……
He is no less diligent than you.
4) more than 不只是，非常
She is more than kind to us all.
典型例題
1)The weather in China is different from____.
A. in America B. one in America C. America
D. that in America
答案：D. 本題意為中國的天氣比美國熱。比較的是天氣而不是國家，C不能選。A沒有名詞，后句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B中的one常用來代替可數(shù)名詞，而that可車以代替不可數(shù)或抽象名詞，所以選D。
2)After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as
答案C. 此句意為這個廠1988能生產(chǎn)的拖拉機是往年的兩倍。 表示倍數(shù)用倍數(shù)+ as + 形容詞原形+ as +比較對象的句型。所以此句答案為C。
This ruler is three times as long as that one.
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