英語筆譯練習:岳陽樓記

英語筆譯練習:岳陽樓記

　　《岳陽樓記》是北宋文學家范仲淹應好友巴陵郡太守滕子京之請，于北宋慶歷六年(1046年)九月十五日為重修岳陽樓寫的。其中的詩句“先天下之憂而憂，后天下之樂而樂”、“不以物喜，不以己悲”是較為出名和引用較多的句子。

　　原文

　　慶歷四年春，滕子京謫守巴陵郡。越明年，政通人和，百廢具興。乃重修岳陽樓，增其舊制，刻唐賢今人詩賦于其上。屬予作文以記之。

　　予觀夫巴陵勝狀，在洞庭一湖。銜遠山，吞長江，浩浩湯湯，橫無際涯;朝暉夕陰，氣象萬千。此則岳陽樓之大觀也。前人之述備矣。然則北通巫峽，南極瀟湘，遷客騷人，多會于此，覽物之情，得無異乎?

　　若夫霪雨霏霏，連月不開，陰風怒號，濁浪排空;日星隱耀，山岳潛形;商旅不行，檣傾楫摧;薄暮冥冥，虎嘯猿啼。登斯樓也，則有去國懷鄉，憂讒畏譏，滿目蕭然，感極而悲者矣。

　　至若春和景明，波瀾不驚，上下天光，一碧萬頃;沙鷗翔集，錦鱗游泳;岸芷汀蘭，郁郁青青。而或長煙一空，皓月千里，浮光躍金，靜影沉璧，漁歌互答，此樂何極!登斯樓也，則有心曠神怡，寵辱偕忘，把酒臨風，其喜洋洋者矣。

　　嗟夫!予嘗求古仁人之心，或異二者之為，何哉?不以物喜，不以己悲;居廟堂之高則憂其民;處江湖之遠則憂其君。是進亦憂，退亦憂。然則何時而樂耶?其必曰“先天下之憂而憂，后天下之樂而樂”乎。噫!微斯人，吾誰與歸?

　　時六年九月十五日。

　　譯文

　　慶歷四年的春天，滕子京被貶為巴陵太守。到了第二年，政事順利，百姓安居樂業，各種荒廢了的事業都興辦起來了。于是重新修建岳陽樓，擴增它舊有的規模，把唐代名家和今人的詩賦刻在上面。囑托我寫一篇文章來記述這件事。

　　我看那巴陵郡的美好景色，全在洞庭一湖。它連接著遠方的山脈，吞吐著長江的水流;浩浩蕩蕩，寬廣無邊;早晴晚陰，氣象萬千。這是岳陽樓盛大壯觀的景象。前人的記述(已經)很詳盡了。然而北面通向巫峽，南面直到瀟湘，被貶的政客和詩人，大多在這里聚會，看了自然景物而觸發的感情，大概會有不同吧?

　　像那陰雨連綿，接連幾個月不放晴，陰冷的風怒吼，渾濁的波浪沖向天空;太陽和星辰隱藏起了光輝，山岳也潛伏起了形體;商人和旅客不能前行，桅桿倒下、船槳斷折;傍晚的天色暗了下來，虎在咆哮猿在悲啼。(這時)登上這座樓啊，就會產生被貶離京，懷念家鄉，擔心誹謗、害怕譏諷的情懷，(會覺得)滿眼蕭條景象，感慨到了極點而悲傷。

　　到了春風和煦，陽光明媚的時候，湖面平靜，沒有驚濤駭浪，上下天色湖光相接，一片碧綠廣闊無際;沙洲上的白鷗時而飛翔時而停歇，美麗的魚兒，游來游去;岸邊的小草，小洲上的蘭花，香氣濃郁，顏色青翠。有時大片的煙霧完全消散，皎潔的月光一瀉千里，浮動的光閃著的金色，靜靜的月影像沉下的玉璧，漁夫的歌聲一唱一和，這種樂趣哪有窮盡呢!在這時登上岳陽樓，就有心懷開闊，精神愉快;榮耀和屈辱一并忘了，端著酒杯對著風，那心情真是快樂極了。

　　唉!我曾經探求古代品德高尚的人的思想感情，或許不同于以上兩種心情，是什么原因呢?不因為外物的好壞和自己的得失而或喜或悲，在朝廷里做高官就為百姓擔憂;不在朝廷上做官就為君主擔憂。這樣看來是在朝廷做官也擔憂，不在朝廷做官也擔憂。既然這樣，那么什么時候才快樂呢?那一定要說：“在天下人憂愁之前先憂愁，在天下人快樂之后才快樂”吧。唉!如果沒有這種人，我同誰一道呢?

　　寫于慶歷六年九月十五日(1046年9月1日)

　　英文翻譯

　　版本一

　　The Yueyang Tower by Fan Zhongyan

　　In the spring of the fourth year under the reign of the emperor of Qingli, Teng Zijing was relegated from his post in the capital to that of magistrate of Baling. A year later, his enlightened administration has made for peace and harmony among the people as well as the revival of numerous formerly neglected matters. Among these was the renovation and expansion of the Yueyang Tower, on whose walls have been inscribed verses by Tang poets and contemporary men of letters. This done, he bid me compose an essay in its commemoration.

　　As I see, the tower commands a magnificent view of Lake Dongting, the best scenery of Baling. A vast expanse of water, the lake is bordered by distant mountains and fed by the Yangtze River. From dusk to dawn, it presents an ever-changing gallery of spectacles. All this has been described in great detail in literature by ancient people. What has been left out are poets and relegated officials, who have come in large numbers to this tower through the Wu Gorge to the north or the Xiao and Xiang rivers to the south. As they look at the lake, would the tone of the view not produce a corresponding effect on their mood?

　　Some may come during a spell of rains, which may drag on from month to month, blocking the rays of the sun and stars, and hiding the mountains from sight. Howling gales hurtle frothing waves toward the sky, breaking masts and oars of passenger boats and merchant vessels. When night falls, they hear tigers roar and apes cry. The forlorn sight will move them to grief, aggravating their homesickness, pain of relegation, and fear of slander or ridicule.

　　Yet others may come in warm spring, and enjoy a crystal clear view of the unruffled lake, which reflects the sky like a gigantic viridescent mirror. They see seagulls fly over the lake one moment and gather in flocks the next, and fishes swimming about; they smell the aroma of verdant angelicas and orchids growing on the bank and sandy beaches. Or they may see a long wisp of cloud stretching across the sky and the bright moon casting her golden rays far and wide onto the shimmering lake, her reflection white and still like a piece of jade lying at the bottom of water, and hear fishermen’s merry antiphonal songs. Standing in the breeze, goblet in hand, they brim over with ecstasy, free of all thoughts about favors or humiliations.

　　I have tried to study ancient statesmen’s minds, which might differ from those of the above-mentioned people in that they were unaffected by the state of landscape or vicissitude of life. When serving in court they worry about the people; when among the common people they worry about the monarch. If asked ‘when will you be free of all those worries?’, they would surely answer, ‘One should be the first in his country to worry about state affairs, and the last to enjoy oneself.’ Ah, they are the only congenial companions I may wish to have!

　　The fifteenth of the ninth month, the sixth year of Qingli.

　　版本二

　　The YueYang tower In the spring of fourth year of Qingli, TengZijing was exiled to Balingjun , to be the profect there. In the second year of his office, because of his excellent administration,people lived in peace and contentment, and all previous neglected matters were taken care of. The YueYang tower was renovated and enlarged, and described on its walls were the poetries and rhymed prose of Tang and present dynasty. I was invented to record this restoration effect in writing. The beauty of Baling center round the Dongting lake, which holds the mountain ranges in the distance and swallows the water of the yangtz river.It so vast and mighty that it seems boundness.. dazzling in the morning sun and fading in the grew evening mist, it offers a myriad scenes , this is the magnificent view of yueyang tower commanded. Of which many describtions hava been written. The beauty scenic spot is linked with the Wu gorge in the north and Xiao and xiang rivers in the south. Exiled officials and poets often gather here, how could there be no difference in their feelings? In the rainy season, an unbroken wet weather lasts for months,. Chilly wind howl and turbid waves surge the sky high. The sun and stars lose their luster, and the mountain ranges scarcely visible.. The merchant and travelers have to put off their voyage.. for the masts of ships have collapsed and the oars broken.. It is dark towards evening mist, and the roaring of tigers and the cry of monkeys can be heard. At such a time anyone ascending the tow will be filled with nostalgia for the imperial court and his hometown as well as fears of calumny and derision against him. Around him is a scene of desolation. Emotions well up him so strongly that he feels pain at heart. In springtime it is warm and the sun is bright, the lake is tranquil and it merges with the azure sky into a vast expanse of blue. The water-bird are playing, some fluttering in the sky, some gathering together on the sandbars. fishes of varies hues swimming merrily in the water. Sweet-smell grass by the banks and the faint scented orchid on the sandy beaches are rush and green. Sometimes when the mist over the lake vanishes. The glorious moon shines over the vast land. Its brightness glistening with golden light on the lake. The reflection of the moon is like a piece of jade in the depth of the water. On ascending the tower at such a time, one will feel a spiritual uplift , neither glory nor shame. with a cup of wine in the gentle breeze ,he will enjoy the greatest happiness in life. Ah! I have tried to study the minds of lofty ideals in ancient times. Perhaps they were different from the people I motion above. Why is this? The reason is that they were not thrown into ecstasies over their success ,nor felt depressed over their failures. When they were in high postion at court, they concerned about the people, when they were in remote place, they concerned about their emperor. They worried when then got promoted or when they were sent into exile. then , when they were happy? they would say :”To be the first to worry about the affairs of the state and the last to enjoy oneself!” Oh,who else should I seek company with save them?

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