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16年翻譯資格考試三級筆譯綜合能力試題
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Natural flavorings and fragrances are often costlyand limited in supply. For example, the vitalingredient in a rose fragrance is extracted fromnatural rose oil at a cost of thousands of dollars apound; an identical synthetic substance can bemade for 1% of this cost. Since the early twentiethcentury, success in reproducing these substanceshas created a new industry that today produceshundreds of artificial flavors and fragrances.
Some natural fragrances are easily synthesized; these include vanillin, the aromaticingredient in vanilla, and benzaldehyde, the aromatic ingredient in wild cherries. Otherfragrances, however, have dozens, even hundreds of components. Only recently has it beenpossible to separate and identit3, these ingredients by the use of gas chromatography andspectroscopy. Once the chemical identity is known, it is often possible to synthesize them.Nevertheless, some complex substances, such as the aroma of fresh coffee, have still notbeen duplicated satisfactorily.
Many of the chemical compounds making up these synthetics are identical to those foundin nature, and are as harmless or harmful as the natural substances. New products must betested for safety, and when used in food, must be approved by the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration.
The availability of synthetic flavors and fragrances has made possible a large variety ofproducts, from inexpensive beverages to perfumed soap to used cars with applied "new carodor."
71. From the passage we can learn that ______
A. natural flavorings and fragrances are not quite dear
B. the limitation of natural flavorings and fragrances is clear
C. the supply of natural flavorings and fragrances is adequate to meet the demand
D. the cost of producing natural flavorings and fragrances is high
72. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Natural rose fragrance is 100 times more expensive to produce than artificial rosefragrance.
B. The most important ingredient in a rose fragrance is obtained from natural rose oil at alow cost.
C. A different synthetic substance can be made for 1% of the cost.
D. Natural rose oil costs the same as its fragrances.
73. The industry of producing hundreds of artificial flavors and fragrances probablyappeared in ______
A. 2000 B. 1953
C. 1909 D. 1810
74. According to the passage, all the following are easier to synthesize EXCEPT ______
A. aromatic ingredient in vanilla
B. vanilla
C. aromatic ingredient in wild cherry
D. the flavor of fresh coffee
75. The underlined word "duplicated" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______
A. make double
B. make a copy of
C. produce something equal to
D. take from
76. Why does the author mention fresh coffee in Paragraph 2?
A. As an example of complex substances having not been duplicated satisfactorily.
B. Because the coffee fragrance is hard to produce.
C. To conclude the passage.
D. The smell of fresh coffee is inviting.
77. ______ a substance can be synthesized.
A. Upon identifying the basic components of it
B. Once chemically analyzed
C. When gas chromatography is used
D. If spectroscopy is adopted
78. It can be inferred from the passage that ______
A. vanillin is easier to synthesize than benzaldehyde
B. not all synthetic flavors are harmless
C. in general, the less components there are in a fragrance, the harder it is to synthesize
D. synthesized substances must be tested for safety only if they are used in food
79. Which of the following is the best title for tile passage?
A. How to Synthesize Fragrances
B. Synthetic Substances Are Easy to Make
C. Natural Flavorings and Fragrances
D. Synthetic Flavors and Fragrances
80. Which of the following is NOT true according to the last paragraph?
A. Synthetic fragrances can be used to make a used car smell like a new one.
B. Synthetic flavors and fragrances have added to the varieties of products.
C. Lemon soap is made out of some delicious lemon.
D. It is likely that a bottle of orange juice is synthesized.
Some people associate migration mainly with birds. Birds do travel vast distances, butmammals also migrate. An example is the caribou, reindeer that graze on the grassy slopes ofnorthern Canada. When the weather turns cold, they travel south until spring. Their tracks areso well-worn that they are clearly visible from the air. Another migrating mammal is the Alaskafur seal. These seals breed only in the Pribilot Islands in the Bering Sea. The young are born inJune and by September are strong enough to go with their mothers on a journey of over 3,000miles. Together they swim down the Pacific Coast of North America. The females and youngtravel as far as southern California. The males do not journey so far. They swim only to the Gulfof Alaska. In the spring, males and females all return to the islands, and there the cycle beginsagain. Whales are among the greatest migrators of all. The humpback and blue whales migratethousands of miles each year from the polar seas to the tropics. Whales eat huge quantities ofplankton. These are most abundant in cold polar waters. In winter, the whales move to warmwaters to breed and give birth to their young.
81. From the passage we can learn that ______
A. people migrate like animals
B. only birds migrate
C. the female fur seals migrate only to the Gulf of Alaska
D. not all mammals migrate
82. The phrase "An example" underlined in Paragraph 1 refers to an example of a ______
A. migratory mammal
B. place where animals migrate
C. migrating bird
D. person who associates migration with birds
83. All the mammals are mentioned as migrating ones EXCEPT ______
A. caribou B. fin whale
C. reindeer D. Alaska fur seal
84. Where can you see from the air the migration of the mammals?
A. In the Pribilot Islands. B. In the Bering Sea.
C. In southern California. D. In northern Canada.
85. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Whales breed in winter.
B. Young whales are given birth in cold waters.
C. Alaska fur seals give birth to the young only in one area.
D. Alaska fur seals are born in warm weather.
86. Together ______ of Alaska fur seals swim down the Pacific Coast of North America.
A. mothers and the young
B. fathers and the young
C. parents and the young
D. seals and whales
87. Which of the following is NOT described in the passage?
A. Whales migrate to breed and give birth to their young.
B. Whale-watching in Boston in summer is attracting.
C. Seals breed in the north before migration.
D. Reindeer feed on grass.
88. Whales live on ______
A. tiny plants and animals in the sea
B. the grassy slopes of northern Canada
C. their young in cold winter
D. the abundant seafood in tropic waters
89. How many kinds of migrating mammals are mentioned in the passage?
A. Four. B. Three.
C. Two. D. One.
90. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Three Types of Whales
B. Birds Migration
C. Mammals Also Migrate
D. Several Kinds of Migration
KEYS：
71.D[分析] 細節題型。
見第一段第一句：Natural flavorings and fragrancesare often costly and limited in supply.因此選項D為答案。
72.A[分析] 是非題型。
見第一段第二句的后半部分：For example，the vital ingredient in a rose fragrance isextracted from natural rose oil at a cost of thousands of dollars a pound;an identical syntheticsubstance can be made for 1% of this cost.意即：玫瑰香(料)所需的成分是從天然玫瑰油中萃取的，這種萃取物一磅價值要數千美元;而人工合成的玫瑰香料價值只是天然的百分之一。因此選項A為答案。
73.C[分析] 細節題型。
見第一段第三句：Since the early twentieth century, success in reproducing these substanceshas created a new industry that…符合“二十世紀早期”條件的選項只有C，所以是答案。
74.D[分析] 細節題型。
本題可用排除法。見第二段第一句：Some natural fragrances are easily synthesized; theseinclude vanillin，the aromatic ingredient in vanilla，and benzaldehyde，the aromaticingredient in wild cherries.選項A、B、C的內容均被提及，因此除外的選項只有D，所以D為答案。(本題答案也可用下一題的推斷法推出)
75.C[分析] 推斷題型。
從第二段前幾句得知：Some natural fragrances are easily synthesized.(有些天然香料可以很容易地進行人工合成。)Other fragrances，however，have dozens， even hundreds of components.(而有些卻包含有幾十甚至上百種成分——言外之意，較難合成。)Only recently has it been possible toseparate and identify these ingredients by the use of gas chromatography and spectroscopy.(只是到了最近，由于使用氣相色譜分析和分光鏡才能分離或鑒別出這些成分。)Once the chemical identityis known，it is often possible to synthesize them.(一旦了解了它們的化學成分，人們就有可能將之合成。)Nevertheless, some complex substances, (然而仍有一些復雜的成分，如新鮮咖啡的香味難以合成得令人滿意。);由此可推斷出很難合成與新鮮咖啡香味相同的香料。選項C內容與此意最接近，所以是答案。
76.A[分析] 推斷題型。
見上題推理：作者之所以提及新鮮咖啡，是借此例來說明一些成分復雜的物質很難令人滿意地合成出來。所以選項A為答案。
77.B[分析] 細節題型。
見第二段倒數第二句(見75題答案)，所以選項B為答案。
78.B[分析] 推斷題型。
見第三段第一句：Many of the chemical compounds…and are as harmless or harmful as thenatural substances.由此推斷出：有些化學合成物(其中也包括香料)與其自然界存在的物質一樣是無害的，有些則是有害的。因此選項B為答案。
79.D[分析] 主旨題型。
閱讀全文可知本文是圍繞天然調味品和香料供應有限且價格不菲(見第一段第一句)，后有了人工合成品替代(盡管有些合成容易，有些困難)，使大量生產成為可能：其中主要部分談的是人工合成品(調味品和香料)：因此選項D為答案。
80.C[分析] 細節題型。
可用排除法：選項A、D的內容見第四段后半句，選項B的內容見第四段前半句：只有選項C的內容未被提及(因為lemon檸檬屬于natural substance，不是人工合成物)，所以是答案。
81.D[分析] 推斷題型。
從文章前幾句得知：一些人認為有遷徙習性的主要是鳥類……但哺乳動物也“遷徙”：其中一個例子是……。另一個遷徙的例子是……。由此推斷出并不是所有的哺乳動物都遷徙;因此選項D是答案。本題也可用排除法做：選項A，B、C均是錯誤的，所以只有D是正確選項。
82.A[分析] 細節題型。
見上題分析，第二、三句提到哺乳動物也遷徙：其中—個例子是……。當然這個例子應是指遷徙的哺乳動物了。所以選項A是答案。
83.B[分析] 細節題型。
選項A和C在第三句中提及：選項D在第六句中提及：因此本題答案應為B。
84.D[分析] 細節題型。
見第三句、五句：An example is the caribou，reindeer that graze on the grassy slopes ofnorthern Canada...Their tracks are so well-worn that they are clearly visible from the air.因此答案為D。
85.B[分析] 是非題型。
見文章最后一句：In winter，the whales move to warm waters to breed and give birth to theiryoung.因此選項B為答案。
86.C[分析] 細節題型。
[注意本題容易選錯]從文章Another migrating mammal is the Alaska fur seal These seals breedonly in the Pribilot Islands in the Bering Sea. The young are born in June and by September arestrong enough to go with their mothers on a journey of over 3,000 miles.Together they swimdown the Pacific Coast of North America.The females and young travel as far as southernCalifornia.The males do not journey so far，中的劃線部分可知，The females and young Alaska furseal會從the Bering Sea(白令海——北太平洋的一部分)swim down the Pacific Coast of North America直到 southern California;而 The males也會從白令海南下(因為These seals breed only in the PribilotIslands in the Bering Sea.)，只不過他們沒有the females and young走的遠罷了。因此選項C為答案。
87.B[分析] 是非題型。
選項A(見文章最后一句)、選項C(見上題)和選項D(見第三句)的內容在文章中均有提及，所以選項B是答案。
88.A[分析] 細節題型。
見文章倒數第三、四句：Whales eat huge quantities of plankton(浮游生物)。 These are mostabundant in cold polar waters，所以選項A為答案。也可用排除法：選項B指的是reindeer的習性，選項C文中未提及鯨以幼仔為生，選項 D指的是tropic water，與 polar water相反：所以只有選項A正確。
89.B[分析] 細節題型。
文章提及reindeer(第三句)，the Alaska fur seal(第六句)和Whales(倒數第五句)所以選項B為答案。
90.C[分析] 主旨題型。
閱讀全文，本文主要講的是一些遷徙的哺乳動物，未仔細談及幾種類型的遷徙;因此C為答案。
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